The Cozens/Byrnes Merchants Networks Project - Updated 31 May 2010

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Shipping Timelines Two - 1783++ to 1810

This file is devoted to presenting basic Shipping Timeline information for website readers. The items are often sketchy, and some have been extracted from other websites managed by Dan Byrnes. Where possible, ships will have their date-of-departure noted as the compilers believe that a ship's departure date gives some indications of the business plan of the owners, whatever the outcome of the voyage. These Timelines will be added-to intermittently, as new data and new e-mail arrives. Book titles will be entered according to the timeframes they treat. -Ed

This is file Shipping Timeline2 - To go to the next file in this Merchant Networks series of files, Ship Timeline 3

Year 1783

Reference item: 1783: See C. Northcote Parkinson, (Ed), The Trade Winds: A Study of British Overseas Trade during the French Wars 1793-1815. London. Allen and Unwin. 1948., p. 26. In 1783, was formation of an unchartered association, the North-West Co. of Montreal re the Canadian fur trade. See also p. 36, in C. Ernest Fayle, 'Shipping and Marine Insurance', in the essays Parkinson presents.

Reference item 1783: David Syrett, Shipping and the American War. London, 1970.

Reference item 1783++: R. Langdon, (Ed.), American Whalers and Traders in the Pacific: A Guide to Records on Microfilm. Canberra, Pacific Manuscripts Bureau, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1978.

1783::

Year 1784

1784:: Begins Short List List of East India Company personnel.

1784, Nathaniel Smith is chairman court of directors EI Co. (1788 also?)

1789, William Ramsay, dep-secretary of HEICO:

1792 dies Thomas Morton, sometime Sec. of Court of Directors.

1792ish, chairman of EICo, Sir Francis Baring.

1795, John Pringle is HEICO agent at Cape of Good Hope, writing to Sir Joseph Banks on 6 March, 1795.

1796, case of ship to the Pacific, Duff, James Duncan later to be a convict contractor, is reputed to be an East India broker, of Great Tower Hill.

1797, William Ramsay, Chairman EICO.

1798, David Scott Jnr a director, EICo. 1800-1810, in London, David Scott Jnr dealt with Robert Campbell.

1799, Jan., James Cobb, secretary of EICO Court of Directors.

1802: Sir William Pulteney, Bart, Director of EICo: Ends this list.

1784: Empress of China. (US ship of 1784). Owners, Robert Morris et al. Captain John Green. 22 Feb 1784- 1784 28 August. General trade to China. New York consortium. Arrives home 1785.

1784: The Light Horse. Owners, US merchant EH Derby. Captain Notknown. To Russia. Trader. Re Elias Haskett Derby. Exploring trade US to Russia, from a website

1784: G. Bhagat, 'Americans and American Trade in India, 1784-1814', The American Neptune, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1986.,

See especially: Philip Chadwick Foster Smith, ‘The Empress of China’s Voyage, 1784-1785’, The American Neptune, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1986., pp 25-33. Philip Chadwick Foster Smith, The Empress of China, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1984.

See also Derek Hayes, Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: Maps of Exploration and Discovery. Seattle, Sasquatch Books, 2000. 1570612153. Frederic W. Howay, (Ed.), The Dixon-Meares Controversy. (Reprint) Amsterdam, N. Israel, 1969. James R. Gibson, Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785-1841. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1992. Paperback edition of 1999. (We are grateful to Georgina Chaseling for drawing our attention to Gibson’s title.)

Year 1785

1785: Betsey. Owners, James Strange and David Scott Snr. Captain Henry Laurie. 8 Dec 1785. For n/w American furs. Sealing. Betsey is formerly named Captain Cook. Interest of David Scott Snr, the British reorganiser of the opium trade.

1785: The Chinese became more interested in n/w American seal furs from 1785 if not earlier. Cook had been to the American seal-fur gathering area, Nootka Sound, on his third vain voyage in search of The North West Passage. It seems, to 1785, that a decade or less had to pass before serious British interest arose in selling seal fur to China, bearing in mind that Cook had also noted many seals at Dusky Bay, New Zealand, on his first voyage. But not till the founding of a convict colony were British-based seal-fur takers sensitised to Australasian locations.

1785: Experiment (sealer). Owner, James Strange of India. Capt Henry Guise. Sealing to n/w America. Bengal Fur Company. Part of James Strange's expedition backed by David Scott Snr of Bombay.

1785 America: Joseph Russell's whaler Rebecca, built by George Claghorn, was launched in New Bedford and would go on in 1791 to be the first American vessel to make the trip to the Pacific and back, rounding Cape Horn twice. Benjamin Franklin composed his Maritime Observations, published in 1786 January -- American cotton was first shipped to England – 1786. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

1785: Sea Otter (Or, Hamon of 1785). Owner John Henry Cox. Captain James Hanna. 15 Apr 1785 - Dec 1785 to Macao. Sealing at n/w America. Hanna and Partners. Hanna is the first-known sealer to go to N/w America.

1785: Grand Turk (dubious?). Owner, Elias Haskett Derby. Captain Ebenezer West. Trader, Mauritius/China. Capt. Ebenezer West charters her for Derby

1785:: Peter Mestairs/Mestaers of London has out whalers Jupiter and Triumph: on one is Capt. Daniel Coffin:

Year 1786

1786:: Feb, (Steven TTT, pp. 72-74). A whalers' memorial to British govt.

1786: Sea Otter (2). Owner John Henry Cox. Captain James Hanna. May 1786 - Feb 1787. Sealing at n/w America. See websites on sealing at n/w America.

1786: Sea Otter (Meares). Owners Meares and Tipping. Captain William Tipping. 2 March 1786.

1786: Lynx. Owner, Duncan Campbell of London. Captain William Bligh (later of Bounty). West Indies trade. Bligh sailing here with Fletcher Christian. Owner Campbell later tendered Lynx to the Navy for what became Bligh's Bounty voyage but she was not accepted. -Ed

1786: Imperial Eagle (Loudoun). Owners, John Reid and Daniel Beale. Captain Charles Barkley. Sealer, Austrian East India Co. John Reid and Daniel Beale concocted idea of an "Austrian EICo" and recruited former EICo captain Charles Barkley, who buys a ship Loudon in London (with his own money) and renames it Imperial Eagle.

1786: King George (sealer). Owner, Richard Cadman Etches. Captain Portlock/Dixon. April 1787. For King George's Sound Co, See on sealing voyages of Portlock/Dixon to n/w America

1786: Emilia. Owner, Samuel Enderby Snr. Captain James Shields. 1786-1790, 1786-1787. First English whaler into the Pacific, by Cape Horn, returning home by 1790 with full cargo of sperm oil. Of which Enderbys were very proud.

1786:

Queen Charlotte (sealer). Owner Richard Cadman Etches. Capt George Dixon. April 1787. King George's Sound Co. See remarks on sealing to n/w America.

Reference item 1786: Charles Campbell, The Intolerable Hulks: British Shipboard Confinement, 1776-1857. Bowie, Maryland, Heritage Books, Inc., 1994.

Gathering the First Fleet ships:

Reference Item 1786++: Margaret Steven, Trade, Tactics and Territory: Britain in the Pacific, 1783-1823. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press, 1983.

Reference Item 1786++: Eduoard A. Stackpole, Whales and Destiny: The Rivalry between America, France and Britain for Control of the Southern Whale Fishery, 1785-1825. University of Massachusetts Press, 1972.

Reference Item: Arthur Phillip, The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay, With an Account of the Establishment of the Colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, including the journals of Lts. Shortland, Watts, Ball and Capt. Marshall. Melbourne, Facsimile edition for Georgian House, 1950.

Reference Item: Wilfrid Oldham, Britain's Convicts to the Colonies. Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1990. (With a commentary by Dan Byrnes)

Reference Item: Jonathan King and John King, Philip Gidley King: A Biography of the Third Governor of New South Wales. North Melbourne, Australia, Methuen Australia Ltd., 1981.

Roger J. B. Knight, `The First Fleet, Its State and Preparation, 1786-1787', pp. 121-136, in John Hardy and Alan Frost, Studies from Terra Australis to Australia. Canberra, Occasional Paper No. 6, Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1988.

Reference Item: Dr Noel Dan, 'Surgeons of the First Fleet', Australian Medical Association Gazette, 15 May, 1980., pp. 16-17.

Reference Item: K. M. Dallas, Trading Posts or Penal Colonies: The Commercial Significance of Cook's New Holland Route to the Pacific. Hobart, Fuller's Bookshop, 1969.

W. J. Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers in Southern Waters. Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1977. [Angus and Robertson Non-Fiction Classics Edition]

Reference Item: See A. K. Cavanagh, 'The Return of the First Fleet ships', The Great Circle, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1989., pp. 1-16.

Dan Byrnes, "Commentary" to Wilfrid Oldham, Britain's Convicts to the Colonies. Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1990. ISBN 0 908120 77 X.

Dan Byrnes, "Outlooks for the English South Whale Fishery, 1782-1800, and the "great Botany Bay debate'", The Great Circle, Vol. 10, No. 2, October, 1988., pp. 79-102. ISSN 0156-8698. (On the strategies used by British whalers to open up the Pacific Ocean. Written before discovery of The Blackheath Connection in 1989 - updated, 1996). Total words, 19,319. Total pages, 38.

Dan Byrnes, ""Emptying The Hulks": Duncan Campbell and the First Three Fleets to Australia", The Push from the Bush: A Bulletin of Social History, April, 1987., pp. 2-23. ISSN 0155 8633. (Updated 1996)

Reference Item: Dan Byrnes, "The Blackheath Connection: London Local History and the Settlement at New South Wales, 1786-1806", The Push: A Journal of Early Australian Social History, No. 28, 1990., pp. 50-98. ISSN 0155 8633. ISBN 0 646 09384 3. (Updated, 1996) Total words, 31,776. Total pages, 83.

Reference Item:

Mollie Gillen, The Founders of Australia: A Biographical Dictionary of the First Fleet. With appendices by Yvonne Browning, Michael Flynn, Mollie Gillen. Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1989.

Reference item 1786++: Harold B. Carter, Sir Joseph Banks, 1743-1820. London, British Museum (Natural History), 1988.
Banks' sets of interests almost ensured that he would take an interest in whichever shipping would be going newly into the Pacific Ocean, while his patterns of association, including with George III, helped ensure that nothing would interfere with his interests in ship movements. Carter especially in his biography of Banks outlines a set of information on Banks' interests in shipping which maritime historians have not yet emphasised - matters which these listings will re-explore.

Reference item 1786++ Dawson - Sir Joseph Banks - Warren R. Dawson, (Ed.), The Banks Letters: A Calendar of the Manuscript Correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks. London, Published by order of the trustees of the British Museum, 1958.

Reference item: Kate Thomas, A Biographical Appraisal of John Hunter RN (1737-1821). (Hons Thesis) University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 1992.

1786: King George - British registry, Capt Nathaniel Portlock, arrived 24 May, 1786, departed 13 Jun, 1786 - came a second time in Nov 1786 and a third in Sept. 1787. Accompanied by Queen Charlotte. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Queen Charlotte - British registry, Capt. George Dixon, with Portlock's expedition, arrived 26 May, 1786, departed 13 June, 1786. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1786: Boussole - French naval frigate, La Pérouse in command; arrived 29 May, 1786, departed 30 May, 1786. He landed at Maui only. Accompanied by Astrolabe. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1786: Astrolabe - French naval frigate, de Langle in command, with La Pérouse's expedition; arrived 29 May, 1786, departed 30 May, 1786. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1786:: March, (Steven, TTT pp. 69ff) reports feverish activity first half of year, pro-whaling. Lord Dorset to Carmarthen re whale fisheries. 14 March, Sir James Harris at Hague to Carmarthen. Whale lobby in London gathers strength. Alexr Champion Jnr lives in Winchester St. John St Barbe c/- John's Coffee House.

1786: Addresses: Timothy and William Curtis, [sea] biscuit makers, 236 Wapping (London Directories). Together with Richard Henry Clark in 1788 at same address. Also, separate, Curtis, William, jun., Esq., Alderman, 236 Wapping, in 1786: in 1789 at Southgate or 40 Old Broad Street, in 1795 at Old South Sea House, Broad Street.

1786-1788/9:: Addresses: St. Barbe and Green(e), ships husbands, and Insurance Brokers, 33 Seething Lane. (London Directories). St. Barbe, merchant, was at 1 Little Marlborough Street, London, in 1790).

Year 1787

1787: Princess Royal (sealer). Owner, Richard Cadman Etches. Captain Charles Duncan. Sealer at n/w America for King George's Sound Co.

1787:: Providence.Owner or master, John Brown. Dec 1787. To Canton. Trader. John Brown/Providence. Arrives home July 1789.

1787: Alliance. Owner, Robert Morris. Captain Notknown. American Trader. Cargo worth $500,00. Isolated notes

1787: April -- Elias Derby's ship Grand Turk anchors at Port Louis, Maritius, beginning American participation in the Eastern trade. Later that year the Grand Turk, chartered by a French trader, becomes the first New England ship to reach China. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

1787: Prince of Wales (sealer - Nootka). Owner, Richard Cadman Etches. Captain James Colnett. 1787. Sealing at N/w America for King George's Sound Co with ship Princess Royal Capt. Charles Duncan.

1787: Nootka - British registry; John Meares, master; arrived Aug. 2, 1787, departed Sept. 2, 1787. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1787: Queen Charlotte - British registry; Capt George Dixon; with Portlock's expedition; arrived Sept. 5, 1787, departed Sept. 18, 1787. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1787: King George - British registry; Capt. Nathaniel Portlock; arrived 27 Sept., 1787, departed 8 Oct., 1787. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1787: Imperial Eagle or Loudoun - Charles William Barkley, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1787: Prince of Wales - British registry; James Colnett, master; spent winter of 1787-88 at Hawaii; accompanied by Princess Royal. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1787: Princess Royal - British registry, merchant vessel; Charles Duncan, master; spent winter of 1787-88 at Hawaii with Prince of Wales. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

July, 1787:: Some names with Mestairs in the British whale fishery are John Leach; James Moore of Surrey, James Dunn and William Hamilton:

Year 1788

1788:: HM Supply. RN. First Captain John Hunter. Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball, Lt. Jan 1788. To Norfolk Island.

1788: HM Sirius RN,lead ship of First Fleet to Australia. Captain Arthur Phillip. 1787-1788. Create new colony at NSW

1788: Scarborough (1). Owners, Hopper Brothers. Captain John Marshall. 1787-1788. Convict transport, part of First Fleet. Cumpston's Register.

1788: Prince of Wales (1). Owner James Mather. Captain John Mason. 1787-1788. Convict transport, see Bateson.

1788: Charlotte. Owner, Unknown. Captain Thomas Gilbert. 1787-1788. Convict transport of First Fleet. See Bateson.

1788: Alexander. Owners, William Walton and others. Captain Duncan Sinclair. 1787-1788. Convict transport of First Fleet. See Bateson.

1788: Friendship (2). Owners Hopper Brothers. Captain Francis Walton, 1787-1788. Convict Transport of First Fleet. See Bateson.

1788: Borrowdale. Owners, Leightons. Capt Readihon Hobson. 1787-1788. Storeship to NSW. See Bateson.

Charles Bateson, The Convict Ships, 1787-1868. [Orig. 1959] Sydney, A. H. and A. W. Reed, 1974.

John S. Cumpston, Shipping Arrivals and Departures, Sydney, 1788-1825. Canberra, Roebuck, 1963-1964.

1788: Capt James Magee - In 1788 the ship Astrea owned by King Derby and Capt James Magee with supercargo Thomas Handasyd Perkins goes to Baltic ports. So it was that T. H. Perkins was given his start by Derby? See Jacques M. Downs, The Merchant as Gambler, Major William Fairchild Magee, 1765-1820. Rhode Island History, Vol. XXVII, No. 4, November 1969.

By early December 1788, Britisher J. H. Meares was again to Canton; a few days after his arrival the ship Prince of Wales (not the ship of that name of the First Fleet) and Princess Royal which had been fitted out from London by John and [Richard?] Cadman Etches and Co., sailing to Canton for a trading voyage on the NW coast of America, with licences from EICo and the South Sea Co., with John Etches as supercargo. See Meares Memorial, 1790. (J. Meares sailing for Messrs. Etches, Cox and Co.)

1788: Fishburn. Owner, Leighton. Captain Robert Brown. 1787-1788. Storeship as part of First Fleet.

1788: L'Astrolabe. French Navy. Unknown. Jan 1788

1788: Lady Penrhyn. Owner (Sir, London alderman) Sir William Curtis. Captain William Cropton/Crofton Sever. 1787-1788. Convict transport. Later bought by Wedderburns of West India trade. See Bateson. Byrnes.

1788: Lady Juliana (Second Fleet). Owners? Captain Aitken. Unknown. 1788. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1788: Golden Grove. Owners, Leightons. Captain Unknown. 1787-1788. First Fleet storeship.

1788: La Boussole. French Navy. Unknown. Jan 1788.

1788: La Boussole (a). French Navy. Captain Daniel.

1788: Felice - Britsh registry; John Meares, master; arrived 18 Oct., 1788, departed 26 Oct., 1788. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1788: Iphigenia - British registry, ship; William Douglas, master; arrived 6 Dec., 1788, departed 16 Mar., 1789; accompanied by North West America. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1788: North West America - British registry, schooner; Robert Funter, master; arrived 6 Dec., 1799, departed 15 March, 1789. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1788 and later: List of Subscribers to Surgeon John White's Journal re NSW: Joseph Allan Esq: James Adair, Recorder of London: Mr Barnard: Sir Joseph Banks: Sir Charles Bunbury: Edward Barwell: William Caslon: Mark Currie: Mr Henry Chapman: Robert Calvert: Charles Calvert: Thomas Fitzhugh: Captain Gilbert: Lord Hawke: Thomas Hibbert: George Hibbert: John Hunter Esq (surgeon): Mr Kennion: Richard Keys Esq: Lord Lucan: Sir William Molesworth: William Pitt: Sir Hyde Parker: John Pratt.

Year 1789

1789:: Rose Hill Packet. Sydney local ship, captain Unknown. 5 Oct 1789 launched, 1789.

1789: HM Guardian. RN. Captain Edward Riou Lt RN. 12 Sep 1789, Wrecked off Sth Africa. Convict transport, supply ship. See Bateson.

1789: Catherine (whaler 1789). 1788. Owner Thomas Guillaume. Captain John Cole. 1789 lost. Whaler, lost

1789: Astrea (of 1789). Owners Elias Haskett Derby and James Magee. Capt James Magee. 1789. T. H. Perkins to Baltic ports. T. H. Perkins is supercargo. NB: Capt James Magee is a relative of Perkins' mother. THP here has just gotten married and in 1788-1789 sails for Derby to China. See notes re Perkins and W. F. Magee qv.

Reference Item: 1789: Sian Rees, The Floating Brothel: The Extraordinary Story of the Lady Juliana and its cargo of female convicts bound for Botany Bay. Hodder, 2001. (Historical account of a shipload of women convicts transported to Australia in 1789 - the ship Lady Juliana)

1789: Mercury sealer/ Owner, John Henry Cox. Captain, John Henry Cox. 1789-1790. Sealer to n/w America. She is a 152-ton Britsh snow, later named Gustavus III and sailed under Swedish flag though still owned by Cox.

1789: Mercury (of 1789). Owners, Swedish. Capt John Henry Cox. Exploration. A nominally Swedish voyage, ship earlier named Gustaf III, Cox being a nominal Swedish official looking into n/w America, see re his later career and trading at Canton.

1789: HM Bounty. RN. Capt William Bligh. 1787-1789. Exploration, transfer of breadfruit from Tahiti. Former owners, Brown, Welbank, Petyt. See re mutineer Fletcher Christian, mutiny April 1789, etc.

Essay Section by Dan Byrnes

By 15 September, 1786 William Richards had offered three ships to Government for "The First Fleet". By 19 September, William Richards Jnr. and Fernie (who remains still unknown) contacted the East India Company directors offering Scarborough, Brothers, and William and Mary, then Scarborough, Brothers, William and Mary, Britania (sic) and Brittania (sic) to carry tea cargoes. By 25 September, the East India Company had surveyed at least three of Richards' ships, so that he could properly tender their use. The idea had increasingly taken hold that the costs of the exercise to government - (perhaps to the king's Civil List?) - would be lessened by bringing home tea from Canton. (By 23 September, William Wilberforce had been responsible for recommending the Rev. Richard Johnson as chaplain for the new colony).

Bateson,The Convict Ships, p. 80. A ship named Prince of Wales owned by James Mather, a South whaler, built at Sidmouth, 1779, captained by a John Mason, was not the POW of Fleet 1. But the Mather-owned POW may have been the ship POW sent by John and Cadman Etches mentioned by J. H. Meares, but the second POW was also owned by Mather. Shaw, Convicts and The Colonies, p. 76, Note 2. Pitt to Wilberforce, 23 Sept. 1796. Byrnes, `Emptying The Hulks', Note 29. In 1793, James Mather, was of Cornhill, managing a wharf at Blackwall. Other whale fishery wharves were Paul's wharf, Mr. Lucas' wharf at Rotherhithe.
Information for the name Borrodaile (Borradaile) is sketchy and indeterminate. William Borrodaile (died 1826) dealt in the Australian trade and became a member of the Van Diemen's Land Company; he was perhaps the brother of a woman who married into the Lloyd family of bankers? (George Sugden Le Couteur, Colonial Investment Adventure, 1824-1855: a comparative study of the establishment and early investment experiences in New South Wales, Tasmania and Canada, of four British companies. Ph.D. thesis, Sydney University. 1978., presents a list of members of the Van Diemen's Land Company, list of 1826. Broeze, Brooks, variously). William Borrodaile of Surrey was possibly the trader who had a first fleet ship? (Burke's Landed Gentry for Lloyd of Dolorbran.) He was of Bedford Hill, Streatham, Surrey. William Money was an East India Company shipowner, active 1790. (He was probably the one in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage for Boxall with a daughter who married William Percival Boxall and see also, for Chatfield, with a daughter of one William Money noted. (Chatterton, Mercantile Marine, pp. 94ff) Richard Borradaile Lloyd (1839-1913) was a London banker, son of Richard Harman Lloyd and Isabella Mary Borradaile; he married Catherine Jean Campbell Money. (Burke's Landed Gentry for Lloyd of Dolorbran. Julia Money (died 1902), was daughter of Rev. William Money, noted in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage for Ryder/Harrowby. In general, the Borradaile descent involves the later names, Money, Gurney and Lloyd the banking family. See also, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage for Wigram.

The shipowners Richards dealt with as he gathered the First Fleet included Leightons, Hoppers of Scarborough, William Walton and Co., the whaler James Mather and the Greenland whaler, alderman William Curtis, (though most of these merchants did not continue their involvements with the Pacific).

Whether he realised it or not at the time, Richards would develop numerous worthy ideas about servicing the new colony's needs for shipping. But also whether he knew it or not, he was inviting the competition of merchants who wished to see the Pacific explored commercially. Richards' more idealistic ideas were inimical to their ambitions.

So Richards gathered other ships: the Three Brothers, Friendship, Britannia, Scarborough, Lady Penrhyn, later Alexander in lieu of Friendship, then Golden Grove in lieu of Three Brothers; and Borrowdale in lieu of Young William (Young William may have been a whaler owned by the whaler Daniel Bennet, later of Blackheath). Later, Richards tendered Fishburne and another Friendship to complete his contract.
Oldham, his original thesis: Wilfrid Oldham, The Administration of the System of Transportation of British Convicts, 1763-1793. Ph.D. thesis. London University. 1933., pp. 415, 430, 468, 430.

Richard's own ideas for use of the ships were well in line with government policy on the colony's purpose and likely development, and would have been useful if pursued. Government, as though in contempt of its own guidelines, first pulled the rug from under him by accepting tenders much cheaper than Richards' and allowing an atrocity to occur - the Second Fleet - then allowing a consortium of whalers and slavers - the Third Fleet - to organise more shipping than Richards could organise.

But who paid for it all? It seems, the First Fleet transportation was paid for from the king's Civil List. Maxine Young, writes: "Before 1815, it was the practise to borrow money from the king's current Civil List revenues to pay the running costs of New South Wales and other expenses concerning the colony. The money advanced was repaid by parliament in the next Miscellaneous Supply Grants."
Paying for the new convict colony from the king's Civil List might be the explanation for one striking feature of the exercise - it was consistently underfunded. If so, any notion of the new colony being an Imperial venture is given a slightly different complexion - a complexion suffused with the hues of royal outrage at the continued state of crime, at men unworthy, in the king's eyes, to remain in the kingdom!
Maxine Young, 'The British administration of New South Wales, 1786-1812', pp. 23-41., in J. J. Eddy and J. R. Nethercote, From Colony to Coloniser: Studies in Australian Administrative History. Sydney, Hale and Iremonger, 1987.

Follows an impression of the family history of London Lord Mayor (1795-1796) Sir Wiliam Curtis
Descendants of Joseph Wapping CURTIS, (b.1715;d.1771) business of sea biscuits at Wapping and sp: Mary TENNANT (d.1789)
2. London Lord Mayor, Freemason, Sir William CURTIS, Bart1 (b.1752;d.1829) sp: Anne CONSTABLE (m.9 Nov 1776;d.7 May 1853)
3. Investor in Australian Agric. Co., Charles CURTIS (b.1795;d.1878) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN
4. Charles William CURTIS sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 4. Henry Downing CURTIS 4. Maj-General DSO, Reginald CURTIS (b.1863;d.1922) sp: Hilda Margaret BARRINGTON (m.1894;d.1929)
3. George CURTIS (b.10 Sep 1784) 3. Banker Timothy Abraham CURTIS, investor in Australian Agricultural Co. (b.30 Jan 1786;d.1857) sp: Margaret Harriet GREEN wife1 (m.1809;d.8 Jun 1847) 4. Lt.-General William Frederick CURTIS 4. Colonel James Charles CURTIS sp: Frances Pitt (Browne?) CONSTABLE (m.17 May 1851) 3. Sir William CURTIS, Bart2 (b.2 Mar 1782;d.1847) sp: Mary-Anne LEAR (m.19 Nov 1803;d.1864) 4. Sir William CURTIS, Bart3 (b.26 Aug 1804) sp: Georgina STRATTON (m.18 May 1831) 4. George CURTIS (b.15 Sep 1805) 3. Rebecca Mary CURTIS sp: RN Capt. Timothy CURTIS 4. Army Capt. Constable CURTIS (d.30 Mar 1909) sp: Henrietta Mary Anne ADAMS, cousin
2. Biscuit baker, Freemason, Timothy CURTIS of Hackney (b.1743;d.1804) sp: Elizabeth WILDBORE, (a cousin) 3. William CURTIS 2. James CURTIS (b.1750;d.1835) 2. Rev. Charles CURTIS, Bengal India (b.1784;d.1805) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 3. RN Capt Timothy CURTIS sp: Rebecca Mary CURTIS 4. Capt. (army) Constable CURTIS (d.30 Mar 1909)

December 1786: A London wit wrotesatirically: Away with those whimsical bubbles of air,
Which only excite a momentary stare;
Attentions to plans of utility pay,
Weigh anchor, and steer for Botany Bay.
Let no one think much of a trifling expense,
Who knows what may happen a hundred years hence?
The loss of America what can repay?
New colonies seek for at Botany Bay.

Of the First Fleet ...

Lady Penrhyn was owned by Alderman (later, Sir) William Curtis. She was also chartered by alderman Macaulay once she'd left Sydney to go to Nootka Sound for seal furs under Lt. John Watts, but ended arriving at Tahiti, thence China, before Bligh arrived at Tahiti in HMAV Bounty (as noted above).

Lady Penrhyn, convict transport, females only, 333 tons, Capt William Crofton Sever of 12 Princess Square, Ratcliffe Highway. Chief mate Nicholas Anstis, (master of Surprise of the Second Fleet). Took prisoners at Deptford or Spithead. Owner, alderman William Curtis. Possibly built Thames, 1786 and therefore her maiden voyage? Under East India Company Charter, departing Sydney in May 1788 after discharge from government employ in March. On leaving Sydney, taking a declaration from Gov. Phillip, proceeded east, Capt. Sever in July naming Macaulay and Curtis Islands after the owner and the alderman having chartered the vessel to obtain furs on the North-west American Coast. As the crew by then had scurvy, the ship went to Tahiti, thence China for a cargo of tea. The vessel may possibly have been named for the Lady of Richard Pennant, Lord Penrhyn, Chairman of the Planters and Merchants of the West Indies. Vessel later sold to the London firm of Wedderburns and put to the London -Jamaica run. E. A. Stackpole in "Whales and Destiny" presumes her voyage was an exploration of potential whaling grounds.
Lloyd's Lists of this period indicate - Also to China was alderman G.M. Macaulay's ship Pitt, Capt. G. Couper. Some other ships registered with Lloyds that year (1786-1787) were the First Fleet ships, Scarborough, Capt. J. Marshall, owned by Thomas Hopper, to Botany Bay, and Prince of Wales, Capt. J. Mason, for Botany Bay, owned by South Whaler J(ames) Mather of Cornhill.

Prince of Wales, Capt. John Mason. Convict transport, 350 tons. Mason died, being replaced by Samuel Moore on the voyage home. Ship built Thames in 1786. Launched 12 August after building by Christopher Watson and Co. Departed Sydney to be in England via Cape Horn and Rio, reaching Falmouth on 22 March 1788, at Deptford April 30. Owned by James Mather, South whaler, merchant of Cornhill. This vessel later continued to sail out of London.

Alexander, 445 tons, Capt. Duncan Sinclair. Convict transport. The largest ship of First Fleet. Owners, Walton and Co. of Southwark, firm headed by William Walton. Took late-arriving convicts before she sailed. Surgeon, William Balmain. Some 16 male convicts died before she sailed. Left Sydney about 13-14 July, 1788, in company with Borrowdale, Friendship and Prince of Wales.

Storeship Fishburn, 378 tons, owned by Leightons. Capt. Robert Brown, storeship, 378 tons. Acting mate, Keltie, sometime RN. First mate is [Archibald?] Armstrong. Discharged from government employ on 18 November, 1788, being delayed whilst cellars were built ashore for Fishburn's cargo of three years' supply of rum. Thence England via Cape Horn and Rio de Janeiro for England in company with Golden Grove, until losing sight of her on 11 April 1789 at Falklands for recovery of sick members. She arrived home to be discharged from HM service at Deptford on 25 May 1789.

Storeship Borrowdale owners, Leightons, 275 tons, departing 13 May 1787 as part of First Fleet. Contracted by William Richards Jnr. Crew of around 20. Capt. Hobson Reed (also perhaps known as Readihon Hobson?). Second mate was one William Richards (it is not known if he was a relative of Richards the fleet contractor). Departed Sydney 14 July, 1788 for England via Cape Horn and Rio as one of the ships in government employ for the round trip, under the direction of Lt John Shortland, agent for the Transport Department. Crew so bad with scurvy that by mid-October, her captain took her into Rio de Janeiro.

Storeship Golden Grove, Capt. William Sharp. Storeship, 375 tons, owners unknown. First mate Simms, later on William and Ann of the Third Fleet. Departing England 13 May 1787. On this vessel came colony chaplain Rev. Richard Johnson. Left Sydney on 12 October 1788 to take 21 male and 11 female convicts to Norfolk Island. On 19 November 1788, left in company with Fishburn, both storeships delayed for want of a storehouse to hold their cargo (says Gillen who lists some crew). Home via Cape Horn. Also stayed at Falklands as crew had scurvy. (Gillen says she was 331 tons.) Later she was possibly put on Liverpool-Jamaica run, disappears from records.
References various: Bateson, Gillen, Founders of Australia.

Friendship, convict transport, 274 tons. Owned by George Moorson with Thomas, George and John Hopper of Scarborough. Capt. Thos. Walton. Master, Francis Walton. Ship scuttled on way home 14 July 1788 in Straits of Macassar in company with Alexander as crew bad with scurvy, resulting in a legal battle by owners, so annoying the contractor, William Richards. The case put to Treasury for reimbursement dragged on for several years (see a later file here). Took prisoners aboard at Plymouth. Carrying some prisoners from the Mercury mutiny including John Best.

Charlotte. Convict transport, 375 tons, probably owned by James Mather. (Mathews?) Mather may have once bought Cook's old ship, Endeavour, which was sunk as part of a blockage of Newport, Rhode Island, during the American Revolution? (a story still to be properly verified). Capt. Thomas Gilbert (not to be confused with Capt. John Gilbert of the Second Fleet, first appointed to the Neptune, with whom John Macarthur duelled before Gilbert was replaced by Capt. Donald Trail).). Out of government employ by 25 March, 1788. Departed 13 May 1787, from Portsmouth, part of First Fleet. Charlotte was later sold to Bond and Co., Walbrook merchants, and put to the London-Jamaica run, according to Bateson.
1 December, 1788: Alexander Duncan at Canton, a correspondent of Sir Joseph Banks, as was Alexander's brother, mentioned to Banks one Capt. Gilbert of a Botany Bay ship, a stuffed "kon-goroo" aboard which weighed 70 lbs. Alex Duncan was surgeon to the EICo factory, sought Banks' favours, which later were granted. (Dawson, Banks Letters, p. 281)

Scarborough. Convict transport, 430 tons, owned by Hoppers of Scarborough. Captain John Marshall. (The Hopper Islands were named for them.) Had an EICo charter for China tea. This ship was later placed in the Second Fleet for different contractors.
Shipowners Hoppers are listed in Treasury Board Papers petitioners with others letting ships to the Transport Board, T1/695, Reel 3553. They were the only shipowners letting vessels to NSW who were familiar as shipowners with the Transport Board, a fact probably meaning they already knew William Richards. Capt. William Richards, son of the First Fleet contractor, later commanded the convict transports Prince Regent, I, (3) in 1827; Roslin Castle, in 1833-34-35 to NSW.
(Bateson, The Convict Ships, pp. 347ff. See also Connah, Rowland and Oppenheimer, Captain Richard's House at Winterbourne - A Study In Historical Archaeology. Dept. of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of New England. 1978. Ch. 5.
Hoppers of Scarborough whose name was commemorated in the Hopper Islands named by Marshall. Made a second trip to Sydney with the second fleet, contractor being Calvert. (Capt. Marshall also named another island after Constantine John Phipps.)

Storeship Golden Grove, Capt. William Sharp. Storeship, 375 tons, owners unknown. First mate Simms, later on William and Ann of the Third Fleet. Departing England 13 May 1787. . On this vessel came colonly chaplain Rev. Richard Johnson. Left Sydney on 12 October 1788 to take 21 male and 11 female convicts to Norfolk Island. On 19 Nov. 1788, left in company with Fishburn, both storeships delayed for want of a storehouse to hold their cargo (says Gillen who lists some crew). Home via Cape Horn. Also stayed at Falklands as crew had scurvy. (Gillen says she was 331 tons.) Later she was possibly put on Liverpool-Jamaica run, later disappears from records.
References various: Bateson, Gillen, Founders of Australia.

Note: 26 March, 1789: Francis Masson at Cape Town sends Banks 422 species of seeds and or bulbs, per Alexander transport from NSW. (Carter, Banks, 1988. Noted from pp. 560ff, Appendix XIA)

1788: Across decades, revisionist have been afoot about the first British governor of Australia, Arthur Phillip. Many writers have seen him a small man doing an inadequate job, some kind of failure. A newly-arising view (January 2002) is that he was "a man of considerable intellect, widely read, a son of the European Enlightement, a gentleman proud to dine in his home with Sydney's most powerful Aboriginal warriors and a dedicated adherent to the rule of law", and also "organisationally brillant" with commanding the First Fleet (all from former NSW premier, Bob Carr). Professor in Australian History at University of New England, Alan Atkinson, rather demurs. Town planning was not one of Phillip's strengths, and the governor was "a highly imaginative authoritarian", he said. (Reported 26 January 2002, Australia Day)

Even by December 1788, decisions on "Botany Bay" were still fluid. Nepean had an idea that Nova Scotia might be settled as an alternative to NSW, that matters were flexible, that destinations could be changed. On 1 December, the Recorder of London had a long conference with Lord Sydney. The Times reported that the "The season is over for sending them [convicts] to Quebec or Nova Scotia, but assurances have been given that two ships, properly fitted up, shall be ready [within months] to carry convicts to America." There was an idea to send some men to Newfoundland in the fleet for the next season.
David L. Mackay, A Place of Exile: The European Settlement of New South Wales. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1985., p. 58. Ged Martin, 'The Alternatives to Botany Bay', pp. 152-168 in Ged Martin, (Ed.), The Founding of Australia: The Argument about Australia's Origins. Sydney, Hale and Iremonger, 1978.

1789: Note: The Nootka Sound area seized by Spanish who curtail British activity in the area. British merchants including William Curtis (owner of Lady Penrhyn) later protest vigorously. "The Nootka crisis" ends won by British interests.

THE SECOND FLEET

Part 2 - Section 4

The term "The Second Fleet" is something of a misnomer, as this "fleet" of five ships was split into two wings. The second three ships (Neptune, Scarborough and Surprise) were solely organised by the London firm of slavers, Camden, Calvert and King, who virtually sidelined Richards for future transportation business.
Note: 17 July, 1791: Sir Joseph Banks is consigned various samples by Capt. Trail, Neptune transport. (Noted from Carter, Banks, 1988, pp. 563ff, Appendix XIB)

The other Second Fleet ships were Lady Juliana, 401 tons, given a tea cargo by EICo, contracted for by William Richards, a slow sailor which still has the reputation of being a "floating brothel". Plus the ill-fated supply ship, HM Guardian.

Lady Juliana Capt. Aitkin: Owner, William Morris (who is little known). Contractor, William Richards. Ship taken up by September, 1788. (In October 1788, Richards laid before Treasury an extensive plan for convict transportation, by which time he knew little of what had already transpired at Botany Bay. The first First Fleet ship to return was Mather's Prince of Wales, 22 March, 1789.) Lady Juliana had freight by Richards and Moore. By 2 February, 1789, Richards had contracted to carry 226 female convicts. A crew member was Edward Powell who later came out free settler on Bellona. She had aboard Lt. Thoms Edgar, who had been out with Cook's last voyage as master on Discovery
Bateson, The Convict Ships, variously. Sian Rees, The Floating Brothel: The Extraordinary Story of the Lady Juliana and its cargo of female convicts bound for Botany Bay. Hodder, 2001.

THE THIRD FLEET

Part 2 - Section 5

The first four ships of the Third Fleet carried freight for India, most, if not all, for Nepean's friend, Alexander Davison. Governor Phillip was to complain on their arrival that space had thus been used which could have been filled with goods for the colony.
Phillip to Lord Grenville, 8 November, 1791, and to Navy Board, 9 November, 1791, HRA, I, I, pp. 295, 300-301.

So the vexed issue arose again, of private trade in a colony which had not been intended to develop an economy - a patently unworkable policy. Strategically, on a global front, it appears the London whalers were testing the usefulness of Sydney as a refreshment base, and also experimenting with the carriage of convicts and/or stores as a way of paying part of the voyage out. Certainly, the Third Fleet revealed deliberate exploratory strategies useful for the whalers.
Information given here comes from various sources. On freight, Navy Office Accounts, HRNSW, Vol. 2, as cited above. See Byrnes, 'Outlooks', variously. Otherwise Bateson, Cumpston, Stackpole, Dakin, Steven and footnotes in other sources too numerous to list. On the fate of Matilda, foundering near Tahiti, see Kennedy, Bligh, cited above. See also, R. Hodgkinson, Eber Bunker. Canberra, Roebuck, 1975.

Hitherto, reliance on an alleged but never-proven role of the East India Company in the establishment of New South Wales has prevented useful questions being asked about the strategic deployment of shipping by the Southern whalers. Contemplation of the East India Company attitude to the activities of Macaulay, Calvert, and other convict contractors to Sydney before 1800 is for the most part a study in the muttering acceptance of the inevitable. A Company chairman, Francis Baring, quite early remarked on "the serpent we are nursing at Botany Bay".

On 18 November, 1789 Camden, Calvert and King were awarded a contract for the Third Fleet, specifying 1,820 English convicts and 200 Irish. In mid-December Treasury informed the Navy Board that some of the ships to be sent were nearly ready to take their stores and provisions aboard.
J. C. Garran, 'William Wright Bampton and the Australian Merino', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society. Vol. 58, Part 1, March, 1972., p. 2. Other details are in Byrnes, 'Outlooks', variously. Garran has followed up his views on Bampton, and on Macaulay's Capt Edward Manning on Pitt, in J. C. Garran and Leslie White, Merinos, Myths and Macarthurs: Australian Graziers and their Sheep, 1788-1900. Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1985. Garran is interesting also on maritime outcomes after Phillip chartered Atlantic to purchase stores at Calcutta, and his views seem valid. And ibid., pp. 20, 31ff, 126ff.

Convict transport Mary Ann, 298 tons, carrying 150 female convicts, part-owned by her captain, Mark Monroe, according to Bateson may or may not be regarded as a Third Fleet ship. She sailed "independently" in 1791 (February 1791) with HM Gorgon, a storeship which also carried convicts. Mary Ann went whaling via Norfolk Island/Peru; she was owned by Mark Monroe and/or Lucas & Co.

Lists: The Third Fleet of convict ships to Australia:

Transport and storeship, Matilda, 460 tons, also whaler. Freight by Alexander Davison. Whaler. Contracted by Camden Calvert and King (CC&K). Possibly owned by Calvert. Capt. Matthew Weatherhead. Usually a south whaler but wrecked near Tahiti and some crew picked up by Bligh in HM Providence on his second breadfruit voyage. To Sydney by 1 August 1791. Thence fishery. Originally intended to Peru and/or India.
Note: Apparently mysteriously, 26 March 1792 a small vessel touched at Tahiti, Prince William Mary, and took some of wrecked Matilda's crew thence N/W coast America/Nootka Sound. In 1793: Whalers Jenny and Britannia called at Tahiti and picked up some of Matilda's crew. Presumably, the owners of these ships were in touch with each in London.

Convict transport and storeship, not a whaler, Atlantic, 422 tons. Some freight by A. Davison. Transport. Contracted for by CC&K. Capt. Archibald Armstrong. Went various trading voyages for Gov. Phillip to Calcutta . On return from India to Sydney in 1792, Phillip went home on her. Also went later to Norfolk Is.

Transport/whaler Salamander, 320 tons, Freight by A. Davison. CC&K contracted. Capt. William Irish. Owned by Joseph Mellish. Surgeon J? Nichol. To Sydney by 21 Aug., 1791. Thence Norfolk Island. Fishery - Norfolk Island/India.

Usually a whaler, William and Ann, 370 tons. Convict transport. Freight by A. Davison. Owned by Enderbys or Enderbys/St Barbe. Usually a South Whaler. Contracted CCK. Capt. Eber/Ebor Bunker. Portsmouth Division of fleet. Crew inc. Simms, first mate on Golden Grove of First Fleet 1. To Sydney, 28 August, 1791. (Bateson)
Eber Bunker (1761-1838, died NSW). The Bunker clan of Nantucket was extremely large, and today, much of their genealogy is available on the Internet. See Hodgkinson on Bunker, p. 4, p. 47 and elsewhere. See Newsletter of the Royal Australian Historical Society (RAHS), July 1972 p. 8, and June-July, 1976, p. 4-5. See Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers, p. 19, p. 30ff re Albion. Hainsworth, Sydney Traders, p. 239, p. 242. Eber's mother's name was Hannah, see R. Hodgkinson, 'Eber Bunker-Whale-Ship Captain of Parramatta', Newsletter Royal Australian Historical Society, June-July, 1986, pp. 4-5. Birthdate in Newletter of RAHS, July 1972, p. 8, in an article by Olive Havard which says Bunker had sheep on the Namoi at Keepit when he died in 1836, but this sheep matter cannot be verified by Tamworth's local historians. (Tamworth is the present writer's home town.) There is a genealogical tree of Eber's wife in the ML prepared by Marie Fearn, See Hogkinson, 'Eber Bunker - A New Look', Journal RAHS, March 1979., pp. 252ff. See Hodgkinson's treatment of Bunker at Liverpool, Sydney etc. In 1795 he sailed for Alexander and Benjamin Champion. Then Eber sailed for Enderbys. He had left Nantucket for England in 1786. His lineage as given by Hodgkinson, 'New Look', pp. 253-254, goes back to the Mayflower via his grandmother, Desire Gorman, and he was related to John Howard and Elizabeth Tilley. About the time of the American Revolution, James Bunker and his brother Simeon Bunker took a whaling lease in Barrington, Nova Scotia, but the effort failed as the British Government promoted her home ships (that is, Enderby ships of London).

Transport, Active, 350 tons, Capt. John Mitchinson. Arriving Sydney 26 Sept. 1791.

Transport and storeship, non-whaler, Queen, 380-400 tons. Owned by Enderbys whalers. Stores by A. Davison. With Irish convicts. Contractors, CC&K. Capt. Richard Owen. Only vessel sailing from Ireland. Arriving Sydney 26 Sept., 1791. Thence Norfolk Is/New Zealand. Fishery, Calcutta/India.

Transport/storeship, non-whaler, Albermarle, 530 tons. Grossly overcrowded. Freight by A. Davison. Contractors, CC&K. Capt. George Bowen. Arriving Sydney 13 Oct., 1791. Thence Bombay via Norfolk Is.

Transport, storeship, whaler, Britannia, owned by Enderbys. Freight by A. Davison. Other freight by St. Barbe and Green by account dated 15 Dec., 1791. Contractors, CC&K. Capt. Thomas Melville who had recently on Friendship been into the Pacific via Cape Horn and by South America for Enderbys. Arriving Sydney 14 Oct., 1791. Thence pioneered Australian whale fishery on NSW coast/Norfolk Island area.

Transport, non-whaler, Admiral Barrington, 527 tons, grossly overcrowded. Freight by Alex. Davison. Contractors CC&K. Capt. Robert Abbon Marsh/Petter Gossan. Surveyed by EICo re experiment in new method of surveying. Ship may have been earlier connected with Greenland Fishery. Arriving Sydney 14-16 Oct., 1791. Thence New Zealand, Bombay. In 1792 she was driven from her Bombay anchorage by gale to the Malouine Islands and wrecked. Some crew were slain by natives.

Transport William and Ann, 370 tons. Freight by A. Davison. Owned by Enderbys although Stackpole suggests owned by Calverts. Usually a South Whaler. Contractors CC&K. Capt. Ebor/Eber Bunker. Crew includes Simms, first mate on Golden Grove of First Fleet. Arriving Sydney 28 Aug., 1791.

SHIPS AFTER THE THIRD FLEET

Part 3 - Section 1

A variety of issues arise with discussion of the movement of convict and other ships between the Third Fleet and 1800. Some issues are with the question, how was the trading of the NSW Corps officers funded? Other issues arise regarding the dominance, if any, of any particular London merchants interested in the new Australian colony. Thirdly, were any London merchants interested in financing the officers of the NSW Corps? (The answer to which seems to be, no. The officers of the NSW Corps are treated in The Blackheath Connection - Chapter 40).

For example, between 1792-1800, John Macarthur, the paymaster of the NSW Corps, Sydney, drew Bills on the Corps' London agent (Cox, Cox and Greenwood) for more than £46,000 for investment in imported goods. (Are Hainsworth's entertaining speculations here erroneous or not?)
See D. R. Hainsworth, The Sydney Traders: Simeon Lord and his Contemporaries, 1788-1821. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1972., pp. 25ff.

Attention will be given here to the dates of the departures of convict ships, due to the matter of assessing the earlier decisions and motives of the shipowner involved - and any groupings amongst them. Australian historians have never given this matter attention, which is partly why we lack treatments on the population of merchants involved. Especially before 1800, whenever a ship was being prepared by her owners for a voyage to Botany Bay, news from the ship(s) most recently arrived from Botany Bay was still filtering through London. Especially at Blackheath. Each ship sailing for Botany Bay sailed first through a context of opinion developing in London about the new Australian colony.

Also it needs to be explained that in order to transport convicts, a shipowner had to tender his ship to the Navy Board/Transport Board, have her surveyed and accepted, and then he or his agent were required to sign a contract for the transportation with the only official in London empowered to make out such contracts, Thomas Shelton at the Old Bailey. (Shelton answered to the Home Office and by 1807 if not before, all his contracts listed the counties and areas the convicts came from.) Whether a ship was accepted by the EICo to take a cargo from ports under their control was a separate matter. All such business can be well illustrated by the departure of Pitt, owned by alderman George M. Macaulay.

In Navy Office Accounts (1793), found in Historical Records of NSW, are found lists of merchants taking contracts regarding ships for Botany Bay. For Pitt's voyage, the contract takers are listed as G. M. Macaulay and a man who was actually his neighbour, John St. Barbe. Both men at Blackheath lived close to the whalers Enderby. St Barbe was a whaling investor, Macaulay had earlier been interested with Lady Penrhyn in exploring prospects for sealing at Nootka Sound, and both Macaulay and St Barbe were underwriting names at Lloyd's in the City.

Shelton's Contract No. 5, was dated 15 June, 1791, with George Mackenzie Macaley (sic) for the Pitt, which usually sailed as an East Indiaman to China for tea and was wholly owned by Macaulay. (Inside Pitt was a small ship-in-frame, Francis, which was used on the coast about Sydney, reputedly put together and launched by Capt. William Raven - who was a partner with St Barbe in Britannia, a ship notable in its day in Sydney Harbour. (Unusually, it appears an original contract for Pitt remains with the NSW State Archives.)

At right: Macaulay's ship Pitt

15 June, 1791:
Indenture for the Pitt, copy of original, made on June 15, 1791, thirty first year of Geo III, .... between Thos Shelton of the Sessions House in the City of London, and George Mackenzie Macaulay of Chatam Place London, [transportable felons] 224 cons, 227 [names], And Whereas His Majesty by His Royal Sign manual bearing date at His Court of St James's the [15 June] 1791, [by act of parlt in 28th year of reign], initiated "an Act to continue several laws relating to the granting a bounty on the exportation of certain species of British and Irish linens exported, and taking off the duties on the importation of foreign [?] and yarns made of flax and to the preventing the committing of frauds & bankrupts and for continuing and (?) [of] several laws relating to the imprisonment and transportation of Offenders and has graciously thought fit to authorise and empower the above-named Thomas Shelton to make a Contract or Contracts with any person or persons for the effectual transportation of all the above named Offenders and to take securities from that person or persons so contracting for the effectual transportation of them pursuant to the sentences and orders aforesaid concerning them respectively And Whereas the said Thomas Shelton by virtue of such power and authority and in consideration of the Contract and Agreement of the said George Mackenzie Macaulay hereinafter mentioned and of the security to be given by him the said George Mackenzie Macaulay .................... by Bond or Writing obligatory for the effectual performance thereof hath agreed to and with the said George Mackenzie Macaulay (he being a fit person to transfer all the several before named Offenders unto him the said George Mackenzie Macaulay and his Assigns for such and the same terms for which they were ordered to be transported as herein abovementioned And the said George Mackenzie Macaulay in consideration thereof and of the property which he and his Assigns will have in the service of the said Offenders for and during the remainder of such terms and for divers other good and valuable Considerations him (?) (?) hath contracted and agreed to and with the said Thomas Shelton for the effectual transportation of the said Offenders pursuant to the sentences and orders aforesaid concerning them respectively Now This Indenture witnesseth that the said Thomas Shelton (?) of the power and authority given to him in this behalf as aforesaid and in pursuance of his said agreement with the said George Mackenzie Macaulay ...doth transfer all the several before named Offenders unto him the said George Mackenzie Macaulay and his assigns for such and the same terms for which they were ordered to be transported as herein before mentioned - And the said George Mackenzie Macaulay for the considerations aforesaid hath contracted and agreed and by their presents for himself his executors and Administrators and Assigns Doth contract and agree to and with the said Thomas Shelton in manner following, that is to say, that the said George Mackenzie Macaulay and his Assigns shall and will forthwith take and receive all the several before named Offenders and transport them or cause them to be transported effectually as soon as conveniently may be to the Eastern Coast of New South Wales or some one or other of the Islands Adjacent pursuant to the sentences and orders aforesaid concerning them respectively And shall and will procure such evidence as the nature of the case will admit of the landing there of the said several before named Offenders (death and casualties by Sea excepted) and produce the same to whom it may concern when lawfully called upon And shall not nor will by the wilful default of him the said George Mackenzie Macaulay or his Assigns suffer the said Offenders or any or either of them to return to Great Britain or Ireland during the respective terms .....
sgd in presence of ? Fitzpatrick and one other illegible, Thomas Shelton and George M Macaulay. Macaulay on 11 July, 1791 then agreed to assign [the prisoners] tho Gov. Phillip and his assigns, and all his rights in them, on 11 July, 1791.
(Probably, after the convicts had been loaded?)

Pitt, 775 tons, sailed under Capt. Edward Manning, arriving Sydney 14 Feb., 1792. Lloyd's Register for 1789 says she sailed 26 December, 1788, under Capt. Manning "for St Helens and Bencoolen, built 1780, husband G Macaulay". Carter in his biography of Banks says that by 2 January, 1793, botanist Colonel Robert Kyd at Calcutta, only months before his death, put on Pitt Capt Manning various samples including a mango tree for Banks. This then was on Pitt's return voyage from Sydney/China.
Carter, Banks, 1988, noted from pp. 563ff, Appendix XIB.

On 15 July, 1791, the surgeon on Pitt reported smallpox aboard. Opinons on the matter differed.

The general context of Pitt's departure can be guaged from the following ...

By April 1791, after squabbles with the Spanish, Vancouver was being sent from England to Nootka Sound to restore the trading post there and to further survey the Sandwich Islands.
K. M. Dallas, Trading Posts or Penal Colonies: The Commercial Significance of Cook's New Holland Route to the Pacific. Hobart, Fuller's Bookshop, 1969., p. 43. Margaret Steven, Trade, Tactics and Territory: Britain in the Pacific, 1783-1823. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press, 1983., pp. 82-83.

Interests in the Pacific had become more intensely concentrated since early in 1791. In January, London's South Whalers led by Enderbys had submitted a Memorial to the Committee for Trade asking for legislation on proposals that their vessels be allowed to proceed from the South Pacific to the Nootka Sound area, north of NW America. Enderby had expected that the whalers would use the new convict colony as a refreshment base. Of course, if interested in furs from Nootka Sound, the South Whalers were also interested in sales to the Chinese merchants at Canton - which might have made EICo hackles rise.

During April 1791, a new Bill was being drafted - for opening a trade through the South Seas to China. The EICo was firm that India-registered ships should not be permitted to trade between Asia and the north-west sealing coast of America and the adjacent islands. It was no accident here that St Barbe would also send his partner on Britannia, Capt. William Raven, to seek seal fur at Dusky Bay, New Zealand. (Cook had earlier noted the number of seals at Dusky Bay.) Nor an accident that the Bristol whaler Sydenham Teast sent mariner Charles Bishop into the mid-Pacific. It was also as a matter of whaler politics, no accident that after the second fleet had departed, Anthony Calvert and the whalers organised a third fleet, of course excluding William Richards and his interests. The third fleet after delivering its convicts to Sydney would split into two arms. One arm went into the Pacific, whaling. The other ships, with trading contracts for the Calvert firm, went either to China or India. The inspired whaler in the planning operations for this convoy was probably John St Barbe, who after the Third Fleet had left, personally arranged with George M. Macaulay for Pitt to carry out convicts. After the Third Fleet operation, the whalers continued to carry out convicts and their continuing interest in the Pacific whaling grounds was perfectly illustrated when after 1798 (during which wartime year, ships for their own protection were required to sail in convoy), they sent out the first really well-organised flotilla of whaling ships since the Third Fleet.

With whaler politics, the situations facing the EICo were that whalers and their associates (by the Whalers Bill of 1791) would be allowed to utilise EICo banking facilities at Canton - as a "new and independent traffic in their own preserve", meaning, freelancers could come into Canton with mixed cargoes and sell to the Hoong merchants. According to whaling historian Stackpole, the EICo directors recognised that the South Whalers had mustered "overwhelming political support", so the EICo had "conceded tho retaining their control of the China Trade at Canton." The Bill's passage was not quick, but later, Pitt had some patience vindicated by success of a Bill allowing whalers greater freedom to fish in Australian waters.
Eduoard A. Stackpole, Whales and Destiny: The Rivalry between America, France and Britain for Control of the Southern Whale Fishery, 1785-1825. University of Massachusetts Press, 1972., p. 155, Refer: Act 32 Geo III. c. 73 and Act 33 Geo III c. 90.

So while Bligh's second breadfruit voyage to Tahiti was being arranged, a great deal of other British shipping moving into the Pacific was also being contemplated. Bligh's latest ship, HM Providence (a new West Indiaman) was launched on 25 April. Bligh had received his comission for her by 16 April. Francis Godolphin Bond was appointed First Lt to Providence (420 tons launched at Blackwall, purchased from Mr Perry, ship to have marines from Chatam, a complement of 134 men.)

Contractor to government and a friend of Evan Nepean at the Home Office, Alexander Davison, by 4 May, 1791, had dated an account to Navy re Pitt, for £8846/10/8d for supplies. So Davison must have been prompted to act as supplier somewhat earlier. Also loaded in Pitt would be the 41-ton ship, in frame, with stores and furniture, Francis, valued at £901. Presumably then, Macaulay had decided by early May or even earlier to send her to Botany Bay, and presumably the Navy had unofficially decided already to use her. Assessment here may depend on conversations Macualay had with other residents of Blackheath, probably Enderbys and St Barbe.

In fact, a variety of word was about. By 18 May, 1791, (Grenville to Sir George Yonge), two extra companies of the newly raised NSW Corps were advised to go on Pitt, then lying at Gravesend. Two such companies were at Chatam Barracks, (the other company of the NSW Corps would remain in England until further ships were taken up.)

By 20 May, 1791, Lt. Richard Nairne was appointed as naval agent to Pitt, confirmed by Treasury. By about 21 June, 1791, Pitt was possibly at Portsmouth. On 23 June, an anonymous letter regarding convicts on Pitt was received by government officers, to be referred to by Henry Dundas, who the same day wrote to Treasury on convicts to be put aboard her. The later-wealthy Sydney colonist, John Piper (youthful in the NSW Corps), was on her at Portsmouth by 23 June. As was the later convict artist at Sydney, Watling, "the limner of Dumfries", sent from the Lion hulk at Portsmouth to the custody of Capt Manning of Pitt. Piper had entered the army (NSW Corps) as an ensign only the month before, in April.
Lloyd's Register for 1792-1793, East Indies list, noted: Sailed late 1791, Pitt 775 tons Capt Manning for NSWales and China, built river 1780, husband G Macaulay.

More news of Botany Bay would also soon come to hand, since by 5 May, 1791, Albermarle of the Third Fleet had arrived at St Jago; she sent a letter by a French ship which mentioned other Botany Bay ships, HM Gorgon, Admiral Barrington and Britannia.

Also, by 12 May, 1791, the First Fleet contractor, Richards, still hopeful for more business, wrote to Chas Long, Esq (at Treasury), offering to manage 300 convicts on a hulk - in England. (That is, Richards had conceived notions of competing with the major contractor then managing hulks prisoners, Duncan Campbell.)

News would also spread of William Bligh preparing for a second breadfruit voyage. Bligh by 17 May, 1791, was wanting supplies for HM Providence - in a letter he wrote, could Mr Larkins at Mr Perry's Dock at Blackwall supply wood? (And was this Mr. Larkins part of the Larkins family of Blackheath which owned Royal Admiral, which would soon follow Macaulay's Pitt to Botany Bay? A question on early British interest in the Pacific might be: just how cohesive - even, inspiring - were the interests of the mariner families of Blackheath?
This letter is noted in George Mackaness, (Ed.), 'Fresh Light On Bligh: some unpublished correspondence', Australian Historical Monographs, Vol. 5, (New Series). Review Publications, Dubbo, NSW, Australia, 1976 (Reprint). Lloyd's Register for 1791 indicates: Ships in EICo service, sailed 17 April, 1790, Royal Admiral Capt. E. H. Bond, for China, built River in 1777, husband T Larkins, 914 tons.

Follows an impression of the family history of London Lord Mayor 1759-1760 Sir Thomas Chitty with reference also to the Bond family of Newbury -
Descendants of Josiah Joseph CHITTY (b.1658;d.1713) and sp: Sarah HUSE (b.1681;d.1727)
2. Director Bank of England, London Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas CHITTY (c.1760;d.17 Oct 1762) sp: Eleanor HUBAND 3. Joseph CHITTY sp: Sarah CARTWRIGHT (d.4 May 1820) 4. Charles CHITTY (b.1804;d.1886) sp: Susannah Elizabeth Jordan JOURDAN (b.1786;d.1876) 5. Maj-General Walter Theodore CHITTY (b.10 Aug 1826;d.1904) sp: Helen Alves JAMESON (b.25 Nov 1834;m.1855;d.28 Jan 1884) 6. Helen Alves CHITTY (Helen II) sp: Senior NOTKNOWN 5. Arthur Whatley CHITTY (b.1824;d.1905) sp: Mary Anne JAMESON (m.1862;d.11 Jul 1823) 6. Ernest Richard Inglis CHITTY sp: Dorothy Ida Ada RAMSAY (m.1894) 7. Arthur Alexander Ernest MERLOTT-CHITTY sp: Anna Theodora OGILVY (c.1921;m.1922) 4. Barrister Joseph CHITTY (b.1776;d.1841) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN-9711 5. Thomas CHITTY (b.1802;d.13 Feb 1878) sp: Eliza CAWSTON 6. Thomas Edward CHITTY (d.4 May 1888) sp: Mary Ann WILLES 7. Barrister Sir Thomas Willes CHITTY, Bart1 (b.24 Jun 1855;d.15 Feb 1930) sp: Emily NEWBOLT wife1 (d.17 Aug 1903) sp: Beatrice Maud HALE 3. Eleanor CHITTY (c.1762) sp: Dockmaster George BOND (c.1762;d.1851) 4. Rev. Charles Frederick BOND sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 5. Essex Henry BOND (c.1772) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN (c.1780) 6. Capt. Essex Henry BOND (No. 2) (c.1792)
5. Essex Henry BOND (c.1772) 4. EICo, Capt. Thomas BOND (c.1788) 4. Miss BOND sp: Mr BROWN 4. Barrister George BOND sp: Kitty COOKE 5. Capt. Essex Henry BOND (b.Sep 1762)
(He is Capt of Royal Admiral I, convict transport to NSW in the early 1790s, owned by the Larkins family of Blackheath (He entered EICo service and made several voyages as a mate, then became captain. His first command seems to be as Capt of Royal Admiral on its fifth voyage to China, between 17/4/1790 and home 26/9/1791. On this voyage, a call at St Helena meant Bond married Mary Young on 1 May 1791. Some of their sons served with EICo also. After this, Royal Admiral's next voyage was to NSW thence China.) sp: Mary YOUNG
5. George Phillips BOND (d.1875) sp: Caroline Selina WOODWARD (m.1840)
6. Genealogist Peter Joseph Entwistle BOND
2. Josiah CHITTY (b.1691;d.1756) sp: Margaret THORNTON 2. Jacob CHITTY-20626 (b.1693)

Dark mutterings

Part 3 - Section 2

The scuttling of the Friendship: There were darker, unhappier mutterings about disaster ships going into the Pacific. Mentioning Richards, and regarding the earlier-dated charter party for the First Fleet, the owners of Friendship, after they had heard of her scuttling, had correspondence around 15 July, 1791. Mr Secretary Long of the Treasury wrote to Comm of Navy re the memorial of Samuel Hopper and other owners of Friendship; the owners (including Samuel Hopper) wanted to charge government for the loss of the ship, not the owners of Alexander. (Walton and Co. of Southwark.) Opinions on legalities were to be sought from the attorney-general. (Letter of 19 August, 1791.)

In a letter of 9 August, 1791, William Richards to the Navy Office referred to the scuttling of Friendship and freight of the ship; Richards at least was reimbursed for his own losses by Friendship (some £350/18/9d.)
See Historical Records of Australia, i, i, 1792-95, pp. 38-40. Treasury Board Papers, T1/695 Reel 3553, ML.

Convict ships listed by date of departure

Part 3 - Section 3

Note: Bateson lists ships by date of arrival at Sydney. Some are re-listed here by date of departure.

Referencce item 1790: Michael Flynn, The Second Fleet: Britain's Grim Convict Armada of 1790. Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1993.

HM Gorgon: A naval ship, basically a storeship but carrying 31 male convicts. She sailed 15 March 1791, arriving Sydney 21 September. Best seen as a "loner" ship.

Another convict ship for Australia - Pitt: Departing June-July 1791 for Sydney, arriving 14 February, 1792. Capt. Edward Manning. Owned by London alderman George Mackenzie Macaulay.

Another convict ship for Australia - Kitty, Capt. George Ramsay. Departing March 1792 - Arriving 18 November, 1792.

Another convict ship for Australia - Royal Admiral 1: Departing 30 May 1792 - Arriving October 7, 1792.
Re: 1792 - Capt. Essex Henry Bond on convict transport Royal Admiral... Owned by Thomas Larkins, according to Bateson (p. 140), "a member of perhaps the most prominent family associated with the EICo's shipping"...
Cathy Dunn, Ladies of the Royal Admiral, 1792. Milton NSW, Cathy Dunn, c1996.

Follows a list of some descendants of EICO dockowner/ships husband Thomas LARKINS
1. Dockowner/ EICo ship's husband Thomas LARKINS (b.1746;d.1794) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN Miss 2. William LARKINS of Point House, Blackheath (b.1756;d.1800) 2. EICo shipowner John Pascal LARKINS (b.1765;d.1818) sp: Mary Ann SAMPSON 3. Georgiana LARKINS (IGI data only) (b.Mar 1802) 3. John Pascal LARKINS (IGI data only) sp: Mary Anne NOTKNOWN (IGI data only) (c.1827) 4. John Pascal LARKINS (IGI data only) (b.Jul 1827) 3. Susannah LARKINS wife1 (d.14 Jan 1832) sp: Sir Frederick CURRIE, Bart1 (In India) (b.3 Feb 1799;m.7 Aug 1820;d.11 Sep 1875) 4. Rev Sir Frederick Larkins CURRIE, Bart2 (b.18 Apr 1823) sp: Eliza Reeve RACKHAM wife1 (d.14 Apr 1861) 5. Sir Frederick Reeve CURRIE, Bart3 (Unm) (b.13 May 1851;d.27 Feb 1830) 5. Sir Walter Louis Rackham CURRIE, Bart4 (b.16 Mar 1856) sp: Bertha FREEMAN (m.28 Jun 1892;d.15 Jun 1951) sp: Mary Helen CORRIE wife2 4. Major Mark Edward CURRIE (b.10 Sep 1824;d.14 Dec 1868) sp: Jane wife1 UPWOOD 5. Lt-Col Frederick Alexander CURRIE sp: Geraldine Lucy GRAVES sp: Catherine GRAVES 4. Katherine Louisa CURRIE (d.26 Mar 1914) sp: Rev Edwin Francis Mersham DYKE of Kent (b.27 Sep 1842;m.22 Nov 1870;d.26 Aug 1919) 3. Jane Emma LARKINS (IGI data only) (b.Feb 1810) 3. George LARKINS (IGI data only) (b.Dec 1807) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 4. J. P. LARKINS - at Calcutta sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 5. John Johnny LARKINS (c.1815) 3. Capt . Thomas LARKINS of London (c.1805) sp: Miss NOTKNOWN 4. EICo sailor William LARKINS Died Young (b.1770;d.May 1786)
See E. W. Bovill, 'Some Chronicles of the Larkins Family: the convict ship, 1792', The Mariner's Mirror, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1954., pp. 120-121. George Thompson, 'Slavery and Famine: Punishments for Sedition, or An Account of the Miseries and Starvation of Botany Bay, by George Thompson, who sailed in the Royal Admiral May 1792 with some Preliminary Remarks by George Dyer, BA. Edited by George Mackaness, Sydney, Australian Historical Monographs, Vol. XXXI, New Series, (Orig. 1947).

Enderbys had a white lead factory (paint factory) at Gravel Lane, Southwark - an industry based on whale oil. George Enderby to his grandchildren in 1875 produced a debatable quote which ought to be famous ... "You will I think on consideration be of the opinion that unless there had been whaling ships to carry out the first convicts to Sydney, that the Government would have been obliged to select some nearer spot for the convicts..."
Samuel Enderby Junior of Croom Hill, Blackheath was by 1820 recommending the annexation of New Zealand as a way to control whalers and traders on its coasts, although by 1819, Australasian whale oil was virtually barred from London. D. R. Hainsworth, The Sydney Traders: Simeon Lord and his Contemporaries, 1788-1821. Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1972., p. 139. See AGE Jones, Ships Employed, pp. 266ff.

Charles Enderby (d.1876), promoted the development of coastal New Zealand. His parents' generation had been part of The Blackheath Connection. The younger Enderby generation was notable for letting their whaling industry slip from their grasp, and failing to re-establish a new South Whale Fishery ranging New Zealand waters by 1849. A letter of 16 September, 1823, from S. Enderby and Son, William Mellish and Daniel Bennett and Son, to Lt. Col. Edward Nicolls, Royal Marines, outlined the advantages of whalers operating from New Zealand if a settlement existed there.
The names Enderby-Mellish-Bennett in this 1823 context are seen in pp. 28-31 of Phyllis Mander-Jones, (Ed.), Manuscripts in the British Isles Relating to Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. Canberra, Australian National University, 1972. Adams, Fatal Necessity, listings. Broeze, Brooks, p. 227 on the 1849 South Whale Fishery failure. Note: When he returned home from examining New South Wales, Commissioner Bigge had used an Enderby home at Greenwich/Blackheath to write his three reports on the state of New South Wales. P. P. King a commissioner to the AA Co. had his shares in the AACo jointly with the Enderbys who acted as his agents. (Pemberton, The London Connection, p. 48., citing AA Co. Minutes, 4 July, 1833.) Such details suggest that with any suggestions concerning New Zealand development, Enderby interests were assuming the continued satisfactory progress of New South Wales. See also Historical Records of New Zealand, pp. 608-609. Pemberton, The London Connection, p. 205, Note 2.

By 1832, the complexity of merchant associations acting on Australasia was pronounced. From 1832, Robert Brooks, by then a convict contractor also, became interested in promoting an Australian whale fishery. He was still interested by 1848 when other London owners were Young, and Parbury, By 1846, Towns also was interested in whaling. Oil prices however collapsed in England in 1847-1848, In June 1849, Brooks actually joined the revised Southern Whale Fishery as a director. By January 1849, Charles Enderby with £100,000 capital initiated the Southern Whale Fishery to operate from the Aukland Islands south of New Zealand, and Enderby himself went out to Port Ross. Brooks was an investor, but all this was liquidated in a few years. Some investors in the venture were Frederic Somes (a convict contractor), John Gilmore, shipbroker W. S. Lindsay; and other shareholders included Thomas Baring and his partner Thomas Bates (who originally was an American), oil merchants William Beale and Elhanan Bucknell, shipowner Money Wigram (yet another convict contractor ), and a New Zealand shipbroker Willis. In Sydney, Robert Towns became agent for this second whale fishery.
Broeze, Brooks, p. 227 and Ch. 12, p. 109, p. 248. Robert Cambell to 1841 eased out of sperm whaling for sperm when the business began to sag from 1837. Whale oil prices collapsed in England in 1847-1848.

What might Enderby's father have thought of these failing ventures? Samuel Enderby Senior died in London in 1797, and in a sense, his passing marked the end of Phase One of The Blackheath Connection.

Some descendants of Samuel Enderby Senior (1718-1797) and his wife Elizabeth Buxton were:
2. Samuel Enderby Jnr., a whaler (b.1754;d.1829) sp: Mary (Gladwyn?/Goodwin
3. Elizabeth Enderby sp: Lt-General Henry William Gordon, the parents of 4. Major-General Charles George "Chinese" Gordon of Khartoum (b.1833;d.1885)
3. Mary Enderby who married Bostonian, Nathaniel Wheatley
3. William Enderby, 3. Henry Enderby (Gentleman, d.1876)
3. Mary Enderby who married Rev. G. Matthews of Blackheath.
3. New Zealand Co. investor Charles Enderby (d.1876),
2. George Enderby who married Miss Sampson, who remains unknown, but was probably related to Mary Ann Sampson, who married John Pascal Larkins of Blackheath, of the family owning convict transport, Royal Admiral.
2. Charles Enderby (b.1753;d.1819) sp: Elizabeth Goodwin
2. Whaler George Enderby (b.1762;d.1829) sp: Harriott Sampson ,
2. Confusingly, Mary Elizabeth Enderby married Charles Buxton (m.1783), son of George Buxton (d. 1805) FRS and Maria Chandler, while her sister 2. Hannah Enderby married Charles Buxton, son of Isaac Buxton and Sarah Fowell..

The Enderby family was solidly of the Blackheath area.

Amongst the Buxtons, some notable names were the Blackheath oil cooper, of Croom Hill,
, also a partner in a business at St Paul's wharf ...
Charles Buxton (b. 1703), married Hannah Read; 2. Dr George Buxton, FRS (b.1730;d.1805), 3. Charles Buxton sp: Mary Elizabeth Enderby (m.1783) 2. Isaac Buxton (b.1733) sp: Sarah Fowell (m.1755),
4. MP Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, Sir, Bart1 (b.1786;d.1845) sp: Hannah Gurney of Norfolk (m.1807;d.1872) of the Gurney financier family;
5. Sir Edward North Buxton Sir, Bart2 (b.1812;d.1858) sp: Catherine Gurney (m.1836;d.1911),
5. Thomas Fowell Buxton (d.1908) sp: Rachel Gurney (m.1845;d.1872) 5. Brewer, MP, Charles Buxton (b.1822;d.1871).

Follows, material from the will of Enderby Snr...
PROB 11/1297.

Samuel Enderby's will, today partially illegible, was proved at London on 31 October, 1797. He was of Earl Street in the City. His eldest son was Charles, whose much-mentioned sister Mary Elizabeth would inherit goods, furniture, plate china & glass, linen, books, pictures... a coach and two coach horses, plus coach furniture...various silver plate and linens, best chest of drawers, table, looking glass with wash hand basin, bed and bedsteads and all new furniture, white counterpanes, bedsteads. Son George inherited dining tables, two "Elbow Chairs" and other chairs in a new dining parlour, a mahogany bedstead, furniture various, and maybe some card tables. Wine and liquors were to be "equally divided".

Two sons got outbuildings, "a building yard and appointments thereto belonging and now in my occupation... Sons Charles, Samuel and George got amongst other things, due to an arrangment of 25 March, 1787, a co-partnership between their father, "Ships Debts Goods so as merchandise or otherwise to the amount & value of Eight Thousand Pounds apiece... I have since taken my son George into such copartner[ship] and "give him in like amount of Eight Thousand Pounds Now I do Hereby Confirm such gift respectively in favour of my said three Sons and further give to my Son's son Charles the sum of two thousand seven hundred pounds and to my sons Samuel & said George two further sums of five thousand pounds ... "

... "and Whereas I did by my Bond say on or about" [in 1787] ... he gave Mary Elizabeth £2000 [and perhaps an extra £5000] independently of husbands she might marry. And/or, money for her daughters Elizabeth and Mary on their majority.

There was also dated 29 January 1789 a complicated-but generous arrangement for Hannah, who had married Charles Buxton (or for Charles himself? It is unclear.). There was also mention of Reverend Mr Hugh at Salter's Hall, Mr Worthington, Mr Pastor Bowes Minister at [Dorchester or Surrey?], the Governors of Saint Thomas, Southwark, "my Brother in Law John? George Buxton and his wife, Sarah Buxton and John Buxton, Charlotte Ellison [servant?] if living, Sarah Buxton, George Buxton, and his wife, William Goodwin and his Wife, Mr Winter, Mr Bond.

Such was the will of an affluent, energetic man who had done something to provide ships to government for convict transportation. But the whalers would largely abandon the NSW fishery. For 8-9 November, 1799, Saunders Newsletter in London reported on 15 whalers "taken by Spanish cruisers" off the coast of South America.
HRNSW, Vol. 3, p. 741. See also Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers, p. 17: London was informed that fifteen whalers off the Pacific Coast of South America had been captured by the Spaniards.

This newsletter had reported that early in 1799, the whalers Sally, Bligh, Cornwall, Swain, Pomona, Clark, Diana, Lock, Britannia and Nautilus had left Sydney for employment in the NSW fishery. There were far more vessels working west of South America... About the time Enderby Senior died, only one more fleet of whalers would visit Sydney Harbour.
NB: Mention of Nautilus suggests Teast had her properly listed by the London-based whalers.

Reference item 1789: H. E. Maude, 'In Search of a Home: from the mutiny to Pitcairn Island (1789-1790)', Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 67, 1956., pp. 104-131.

Reference item 1789: Robert V. J. Varman, The Bounty-Tahitian Genealogies of Pitcairn Island descendants on Norfolk Island. Central Coast, NSW, 1992

Reference item 1789: Paul Lareau, The H.M.S. Bounty Genealogies. St. Paul, Minnesota, 3rd Edition, 1995 (?)

Reference item 1789: George Mackaness, (Ed.), 'Fresh Light On Bligh: some unpublished correspondence', Australian Historical Monographs, Vol. 5, (New Series). Review Publications, Dubbo, NSW, Australia, 1976 (Reprint).

Reference item 1789: Richard Humble, Captain Bligh. London, A. Baker Ltd., 1976.

1789-1790: US ship Massachusetts is built at Quincy in 1789 for the US-China trade, badly, due to use of unseasoned white oak. By the time she got to Canton, she and her cargo of timber and barrelled beef were rotted and decayed, and she was sold.

1789: Iphigenia - British registry; William Douglas, master; arrived 20 July, 1789, departed 20 Aug., 1789. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1789: Columbia - Boston registry, ship; Robert Gray, master; arrived in August 1789. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1789: Mercury - British registry, brig; Capt. John Henry Cox, master; arrived 23 Sept., 1789, departed 25 Sept., 1789; George Mortimer on board. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1789:: Joseph Lucas, is a Southern whaler.

1789:: HM Guardian, Lt Riou. 12 Sept., 1789. 12 convict artificers contracted for by Richards. Wrecked at Cape of Good Hope, iceberg. Regarded as Second Fleet. (12) Hoppers of Scarborough. F2. Anthony Calvert.Capt. John Marshall. Scarborough. (13) F2 Surprise. Capt. Nicholas Anstis, chief mate of Lady Penrhyn, F1, slave fetters etc. On 27 August, 1789, George Whitlock of Crutched Friars, London, contracted (acting as agent for Camden, Calvert and King) for the transportation of 1005 convicts. His fee was pounds 22,370/2/8d. Proportionately less than the cost of the first embarkation. Ref DC/16.14. Also regarding Second Fleet, Justinian, Capt. Benjamin Maitland, EICO charter. Mr William Hamilton: (This name bobs up in records in July 1787 with whalers Mestairs, James Moree of Surrey, John Leach and James Dunn):

1789:: May, 1789, St. Barbe and Co. have out whaler Stormont, Capt. Jas Bennett
May, 1789, Curling and Co have out whaler Experiment, Capt. Will. Lucas
May, 1789, Enderby have out whaler Sandwich, Capt. Jas Shields.
May, 1789, Lucas and Spencer have out whaler Ranger, Capt. Mat. Swain.
Curling and Co. have out Experiment Capt. Will Lucas.
Lucas (Jos) and Spencer have out Ranger Capt. Mat. Swain.
Peter Mestairs has out Jupiter Capt. Daniel Coffin.

Year 1790

1790:: Scarborough (2). Owners Unknown. Captain John Marshall. 28 June 1790. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1790:: Out July,1790. First south whaler in the Pacific. Enderby, Emilia, Capt. Jas, Shields.(exploring),

1790: Philadelphia. US-owned. Captain Thomas Patrickson. 1 Nov 1790 - Speculation trader to Sydney. Also to China.

1790: Neptune. Owner Unknown (maybe Camden, Calvert and King). Captain Donald Trail. 28 June 1790. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1790: Justinian. Owners Unknown. Captain Benjamin Maitland. 20 Jun 1790 - 28 July 1790. Storeship, trader to China.

1790: HM Gorgon. RN. Captain John Parker. 21 Sep 1790. Supply ship to Sydney. See Bateson.

1790: HM Pandora. RN. Captain Edward Edwards. Departed Portsmouth in November 1790. Wrecked on coral 29 August, 1791 about 5km northwestof Moulter Cay, 120km east of Cape York. Seaman William Moulter took pity onthe caged prisoners and freed ten of them. Some 89 of the ship's company survived. Mission to capture Bounty mutineers. See re unexpected capture of Mary Bryant and other convict escapers heading north from Sydney. A 24-gun frigate. Called to Matavia Bay, Tahiti, in March 1791. Tracked down 14 of Bounty mutineers, those who had not gone with Fletcher Christian to Pitcairn Island. Edwards caged his prisoners and searched at Cook Islands, Union, Samoan and Society islands. Had stopped at Sydney, then proceeded to Torres Strait. Wreck regarded as perhaps Australia's most significant shipwreck. Surgeon was George Hamilton, whose gold watch and surgical instruments were retrieved during 1984 work on the wreck. Pandora went down in one piece, settled onthe bottom and has remained largely undisturbed.

1790: Chesterfield. Owners Unknown. Captain Matthew Bowles Alt. 18 Nov 1790 - 10 Mar 1791. Whaler. Is still around NSW by April 1792, Cumpston's Register.

1790: HM Discovery. RN. Capt George Vancouver. 28 Sep 1790. Pacific exploration

1790: Waaksamheyd. Owner, Unknown. Capt Detmer Smith. 17 Dec 1790-28 Mar 1791. Food supplies for Sydney NSW. Or, De Waak Zaamheid - "Good Look Out".

1790: Joseph Ingraham on a trading voyage to the Pacific Northwest encountered six islands no American had before; he called them the Washington Islands -- today among the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia.

Year1790

1790: Surprize (1). Owner Unknown. Captain Nicholas Anstis. 26 June 1790. Convict transport. Anstis had been chief mate of Lady Penrhyn.

1790: Britannia (Capt Raven). Owner John St Barbe. Captain William Raven. 25 Jul 1790- Oct-Dec 1790. Sealing. Cumpston's Register, To Dusky Bay, NZ, sealing.

1790: Eleanora - American registry, brig; Simon Metcalf, master; by ordering the Olowalu Massacre, Simon Metcalf provoked the natives to retaliation. This the Hawaiians accomplished by capturing the Fair American and murdering all the crew except Isaac Davis. When John Young, the boatswain, was sent ashore from the Eleanora a few days later, he was held by natives for fear he would tell Metcalf of the fate of the crew of the Fair American. Young and Davis became two of Kamehameha I's chief advisors. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1790: Fair American - American registry; Thomas Metcalf, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1791

Out Dec. 21, 1791:: Curling, William Britannia (?)

1791: Salamander. Owner Unknown. Captain J. Nicol. 21 Aug 1791. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1791: Matilda of Third Fleet. Owner Unknown. Captain Matthew Weatherhead. 1 Aug 1791. Convict transport, then to India. Cumpston's Register.

1791: HM Chatham.. RN. Captain W. R. Broughton. 1791. Exploration about Australia. With Discovery.

1791: Britannia (1). Owner Samuel Enderby Snr. Captain Thomas Melville. 14 Oct 1791. Convict transport of Third Fleet. Samuel Enderby and Sons, see Bateson.

1791: William and Ann. Owner, T. &J. Mather (maybe). Captain Eber Bunker. 28 Aug 1791. Convict transport, whaler. First mate Sims is from Golden Grove earlier to Australia. Is he one of the Sims London whalers to be noted after 1800? See her in 1801, master Thos Harrison owned by Thos and Jn Mather, AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 236.

1791, Atlantic (1a). Chartered to India by Gov of NSW. Owners Unknown. Captain Archibald Armstrong. Convict transport of Third Fleet. From Calcutta. 20 June 1792 carrying food, cattle, sheep, goats to NSW. See Bateson.

1791: Panther. EICo. Captain John McCluer. Exploration. In 1791-1792, For EICo, with ship Endeavour, McCluer is a captain-hydrographer, suveying Palau and New Guinea coast before going west to Bencoolen via North Australian coast.

1791: Active, owner Unknown, Capt John Mitchinson, 26 Sep 1791, Convict transport, then to Bombay. Cumpston's Register.

1791: Albermarle, Owner Unknown, Capt George Bowen, 13 Oct 1791, Convict transport, Cumpston's Register.

1791: Admiral Barrington, Owner Unknown, Capt Robert Abbon Marsh, 16 Oct 1791, Convict transport, Cumpston's Register.

1791: Asia (US-1), M/O?, Capt Elijah Coffin, 1791, 1792 at Sydney, Whaler, sealer from Nantucket Island. Item from Wace and Lovett, p. 45.

1791: Queen. Owners, Unknown. Captain Richard Owen. 26 Sep 1791. Convict transport,part of Third Fleet. Cumpston's Register.

1791: Racehorse. Owners, Unknown US of 1791. Capt John Kendrick. 1791 to Hawaii. Exploring, gather sandalwood. Of Boston. Bostonian Kendrick finds sandalwood on Kauai of Hawaii.

1791 March -- John Kendrick became first American to reach Nippon, Japan. 1792. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

Reference item 1790++: David T. Hawkings, Bound for Australia. Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1988. (A book helpful for genealogists)

1790s, Rhode Island: Cyprian Sterry, mainly of Providence Rhode Island, USA, slave trader of the 1790s with 15 voyages to Africa in 1794. Link to Captain Samuel Packard.

London families

Part 3 - Section 4

1799: Another convict ship for Australia - Friendship, 430 tons: Capt. Hugh Reed.
Owned by "prominent London shipowners", John and James Mangles. Departing Cork with Minerva, August 1799 - Arriving Sydney 16 February 1800. It is not generally appreciated that the first governor of Western Australia, James Stirling, had married to this same Mangles family, who thus had more connections to Australian pioneering than has been realised!
From an e-mailer ofMay 2010, Dear Merchant Neworks team, following up your last re. any image of the convict ship Minerva, I note that the surgeon aboard was John Washington Price who produced an illustrated journal of his travels. Is it possible that he may have made a watercolour or sketch of the ship. Also noted that Price was taught how to draw etc by the artist John William Lewin among whose works, apart from the superb illustrations of flora and fauna, there may also lurk a painting of the ship, in a general scene perhaps? Cheers, Peter.

Robert Mangles (1731-1788) of London was of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, and had sons John and James. About 1750 he went to London and set up as a ships chandler. (In litt per Ian Berryman in WA in March 1996.)
The Mangles genealogy given here has been sourced from the following references: ADB entry for James Stirling, governor of Western Australia. The IGI. Burke's Landed Gentry for Norman of Bromley Common. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage for Onslow. Cameron, Ambition's Fire, pp. 38-44. Hasluck, Thomas Peel, pp. 18-21ff. Pemberton, The London Connection, p. 421 and elsewhere. Stenton, British Parliamentarians, Vol. 1, pp. 258-259. On the banker family, Norman; Sir Henry Clay, Lord Norman. London, Macmillan, 1957. pp. 1-12. Youssef Cassis, `Bankers in English Society in the late eighteenth century'', p. 215. Cassis, City Bankers, p. 226. Kynaston, City of London, p. 29, p. 84. Burke's Landed Gentry for Lubbock formerly Bonham-Carter. ADB entry for General Sir Henry Wylie Norman, (1826-1904), governor of Queensland. Autobiography of George Wade Norman, Completed 3 September, 1857, Kent County Archives, Microfilm U310-F69. [Copy, Dixson Library, UNE]. On the genealogy of bankers Stone, see Clay, Norman, pp. 6-7. Lennard Bickel, Australia's First Lady: The Story of Elizabeth Macarthur. North Sydney, Australia, Allen and Unwin, 1991., pp. 175ff. Ralph W. Hidy, The House of Baring in American Trade and Finance: English Merchant Bankers at Work, 17630-1861. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1949., p. 15. Burke's Landed Gentry for Holland-Martin of Overbury.

1832++ James Mangles, a Whig MP For Guildford 1832-1837, son of Robert Mangles, was a ships chandler and an East India proprietor, also a director of the East India Company. He was part of the firm, F&C Mangles of London. (From a discursive citation we find that in Trevelyan's life of Macaulay, Vol. 1, p. 431, some of Macaulay's circle in India included Cameron and MacLeod the law commissioners, Mangles, Colvin and John Peter Grant, the latter three of a younger circle.) James Mangles seems to have married a woman Camden, who was maybe related to the family of Camden linked to the early convict contractors, Camden, Calvert and King? James the MP, married to Mary Hughes, had a nephew, Capt. [John?] Mangles, RN. James' address was 6 Cannon Row, London, and Woodbridge, Surrey. He was high sheriff for Surrey in 1808. This family, Mangles, is supposed to have once have had much discussion with James Stirling, later governor of Western Australia, on "colonising matters".
Some arcane ship-buying matters on Mangles' part are noted in Bateson, The Convict Ships, pp. 232ff and notes thereto. Confusingly, from 1816, the convict transport Mangles was owned not by Mangles, but by the Buckle firm.

Charles Edward Mangles, MP, "of the Australia trade" (1798-1873) also pursued East India interests. He was son of MP James Mangles, of F. G. Mangles and Mary Hughes, and was married to Rose Newcombe. Broeze, Brooks, p. 80, has Charles on the Board of the Union Bank of Australia (UBA), and as a senior partner of Mangles, Price and Co. (From 1834, Mangles Price and Co. were at New Broad St as names with Lloyd's.) It should be noted that the bank, Herries/Farquhar, became part of the UBA. Broeze, Brooks, p. 314, Note 56 has a man Mangles as treasurer of the Australasian Church Missionary Society by 1838. Pemberton, London Connection, p. 421. Charles was also chairman of the London and South-Eastern Railway, 1859-1872. Butlin, Australia and New Zealand Bank, p. 56 has him on the early board of the UBA.
I am grateful to Ian Berryman for discussion of some points here in litt. Broeze, Brooks, p. 80: by the 1830s the WA trade was dominated by Mangles Price and Co and the firm's senior partner Charles Edward Mangles was on the board of Union Bank of Australia.

1833: Circa: One element in the Mangles family story is of the "small world" variety, since two Mangles men married to sisters Newcombe - who were daughters of George Newcombe of the Audit Office. If working at the Audit Office by 1830, Newcombe may well have known of the auditing of the papers associated with the contract-making for transportation by Thomas Shelton, and of the bureaucratic arguments on that strange matter. Emily Mangles married to Norman, of the Norman banking family of Bromley Common, London. The Norman family connection meant some connection to the family Stone, of the bankers Stone-Martin, whose (financial ) history is linked to the origins of the bank begun by Francis Baring - although this financial history is not yet in useful detail. Further to the mysteries of the Stone banker family, Caroline Mangles married Rev. Arthur Onslow, who by his second wife, Marianna Campbell, had a son, Arthur Alexander Onslow, who married Elizabeth Macarthur, daughter of James II Macarthur and Emily Stone. Emily, who was from the same Stone family; Emily being daughter of banker, Henry Stone.
Here, in brief, one Harriet Herring married the later Sir Francis Baring. Her sister Mary married banker Richard Stone. Richard had a son, Henry Stone, banker of Lombard Street. In Clay's book on the bankers Norman, Henry Stone seems to be a partner in the bank Stone and Martin, later Martin and Co. From 1764, Francis Baring banked with his brother-in-law Richard Stone. Later, John Martin MP can be noticed in these family linkages, since the name Martin became linked with that of the Norman banker family of Bromley Common.

To 1833: Ross Donnelly Mangles (1801-1877) was an India Merchant, director of the East India Company, MP, son of MP James Mangles and Mary Hughes; he married Harriet Newcombe. Ross Donnelly was of 9 Henrietta St., Cavendish Sq., London, and of Woodbridge, Surrey. He had spent time in the Bengal Civil Service. He became a director of the New Zealand Co. and once visited New Zealand on banking matters, about 1841. He was a deputy-lieutenant of London. A liberal, he was also anti-Papist. He was appointed a Member for the Council of India in September 1858, to 1866.
Ellen Mangles of Woodbridge, Surrey, (1807-1874), married James Stirling, first governor of Western Australia. She once offered her own money to help failing Stirling businesses. She had five sons and six daughters.
Rev. Arthur Onslow (b.1773), rector of Crayford, Kent, was son of Lt-Col George Onslow MP and Jane Thorp. Arthur's first wife was Marianna Campbell, his second, Caroline Mangles.

1833: George Mangles is noticed in Catalogue of the Australian Historical Exhibition, 1-26 Feb., 1938. Australia's 150th Anniversary Celebrations Council. 1938. Copy Dixson Library, UNE. The West Australian settler arriving 1829, a stock manager, George Mangles was a cousin of Ellen Mangles, wife of Sir James Stirling. George left WA in 1833-34 to begin a shipping service.
Pamela Statham, (Compiler), Dictionary of Western Australians, 1829-1914. Two Vols. Vol. 1, Early Settlers, 1829-1850. Nedlands, Western Australia, University of Western Australia, August, 1979.

On the West Australian coast is a spot called Mangles Bay. Why is this? It is due to the marriage between Stirling, the first governor of Western Australia - as follows:

At first sight, it appears merely that the first governor of Western Australia, James Stirling, instrumental in moves to establish a colony there, had married Ellen Mangles. There was more to it than that, and the well-connected Mangles interests, mainly known as "an East India house", became a large investor in Australasia. Follows an impression of Mangles family history:
1. Robert MANGLES of London (b.1731;d.1788) sp: NOTKNOWN
2. Shipowner John MANGLES (b.1760;d.1837) married (probably) Harriet CAMDEN (c.1781;m.1781)
3. Capt RN James MANGLES (b.1786;d.1867)
2. MP for Guildford, James MANGLES (c.1800;d.1837) sp: Mary HUGHES (c.1823); 3. Australia trade merchant Charles Edward MANGLES (UBA) (b.1798;d.1873) sp: Rose NEWCOMBE (m.1832)l 4. Rose MANGLES (b.1835), 4. James Henry MANGLES (b.1832);
3. New Zealand Co member, Ross Donnelly MANGLES (b.1801;d.1877) sp: Harriet NEWCOMBE (m.1830), child, Louisa Malkyn MANGLES (b.1840) who married sp: Rev Henry Alexander MACNAGHTEN (b.1850;m.1873);
4. Emily MANGLES wife2 (d.1927) who married banker Charles Lloyd NORMAN (b.1833;d.1889);
4. Ellen MANGLES sp: John FENDALL (of a family active in British India) (b.1827;m.1854), child, 5. Louisa FENDALL who married Member of Supreme Court of India John LOWIS (d.1870), child 6. John Mangles LOWIS;
3. Ellen MANGLES of Woodbridge, Surrey, (b.1807;d.1874) sp: Governor WA Sir James STIRLING (b.1791;m.1823;d.1865), children including 4. Australian naval commander Frederick STIRLING (b.1829), 4. Andrew STIRLING (b.1826), 4. William STIRLING (b.1831), 4. Agnes STIRLING (b.1835), 4. Elenor STIRLING (b.1838) who married sp: James Alexander GUTHRIE (b.1823;m.1856;d.1873) and also to Orientalist/Writer, Forster Fitzgerald ARBUTHNOT (b.1833;m.1879;d.1901);
4. Soldier in India, Walter Albert STIRLING (b.1837;d.1857);
3. Emily MANGLES (b.1799), 3. Caroline MANGLES (c.1793) wh married Rev. Arthur ONSLOW (b.1773;m.1815), child (?) 4. Rev. Thomas George ONSLOW (b.1826) who married Edith Augusta HAWKINS wife1 (m.1853;d.1857) (Earlier, Lt-General Richard Onslow (1697-1760) was governor 1752-1759 of Fort St William in India His wife1 was Rose Bridges (died 8 Feb 1827-28) daughter of John Bridges. (Burke's Peerage and Baronetage for Onslow. Namier/Brooke, Vol. 3, p. 230);
5. Edith Fanny HAWKINS (d.1944), sp: Charles Constable CURTIS (m.1882;d.1936)
3. MANGLES Hamilla Mary sp: William PRESTON RN, child 4. Ellen Jane PRESTON who married Stannard MCADAM;
4. D'Arcy Harrington PRESTON (b.1844), sp: Harriet UPAN; 4. Rev. (Prebendary of York), John D'Arcy Jervis PRESTON (b.1738) who married Jane CONSETT; 5. Admiral D'Arcy PRESTON (d.1847), sp: Sophia NARES; 6. RN, Unm, Edward Preston;
6. William PRESTON RN, sp: Hamilla Mary MANGLES, child, 7. Ellen Jane PRESTON;
7. D'Arcy Harrington PRESTON (b.1844), 7. Rev, Prebend York PRESTON John D'Arcy Jervis-108876 (b.1738);
6. John D'Arcy Jervis PRESTON (b.1795), sp: Wife1 Elizabeth SPENCE (m.1821), child, 7. John D'Arcy Warcop PRESTON (b.1795), sp: Emily Anne Augusta BROWNLOW; 7. Major Charles Edward PRESTON, sp: Ennisline MARTIN (m.1875);
7. Rear Admiral D'Arcy Spence PRESTON (b.1827), 7. JP William Warcop Peter PRESTON (b.1823) sp: Harriet Georgina Edith KERR (m.1864);
8. D'Arcy PRESTON, 8. Montague PRESTON;
7. Sophia Elizabeth PRESTON, sp: Rev. John BLOMEFIELD, 7. PRESTON Margaret Laura PRESTON, 7. Emily Ann PRESTON; and 7. Fanny PRESTON who married Sir Rev. Thoms Eardley BLOMEFIELD Bart3, (b.1820;m.1853). There was also a Western Australia settler, 3. George W. MANGLES, active about 1829.
//////// Ends list on Mangles family ////////

Year 1790

1790: In 1790 arrived to Sydney, Australia, Philadelphia, Capt. Thomas Patrickson. Then followed a lull. New moves came by 1792, when Hope, Captain Benjamin Page arrived to Sydney. (Via Cape of Good Hope, Page just happened to have aboard 7597 gallons of “new American spirits”, bought @ 4/6d gallon with a bill made out to the British Treasury.) Bartlett, p. 23, on US-Aust links over 20 years, between 1 Nov., 1792 and war of 1812, over 60 US ships visited Sydney, at least 20 bound for China, later came sealers and whalers.

Year 1791

1791: USA: Steamboat invented by John Fitch, of New Jersey; patented 1791. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

1791: Mary Ann. Captain Mark Munroe part owner. 9 Jul 1791. Third Fleet convict transport. See Bateson.

1791: Jenny of Bristol. Owners Unknown. 1791-1792. To Nootka Sound from Bristol. She called at Tahiti to pick up Capt Matthew Weatherhead of wrecked Third Fleet ship Matilda

1791: Princess Royal - Formerly British registry, now under Spanish colors; Manuel Quimper, master; arrived Apr. 1791. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1791: Argonaut - British registry, merchant vessel; James Colnett, master; arrived Apr. 1791; credited with bringing first sheep to Kauai. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1791: Hope - American registry, brigantine, trader; Joseph Ingraham, master; arrived 6 Oct., 1791, departed 12 Oct., 1791. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1791: Lady Washington - American registry, sloop; Capt. John Kendrick, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1791: Hancock - American registry, brig; Capt. Crowell, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1792

1792:: Royal Admiral (1). Owner, Thomas Larkins. Captain Essex Henry Bond. 7 Oct 1792. Convict transport, normally in EICo servicce. Later bought by William Wilson. See Bateson.

1792: Recherche. French. Captain Joseph-Antoine Bruni D'Entrecastaux. 1792. Exploration. In 1792-1793, also with ship Esperance.

1792: Pitt (1). London alderman George Mackenzie Macaulay. Captain Edward Manning. 14 Feb 1792. Convict transport, To Bengal, usually in EICo tea trade for Macaulay. Cumpston's Register.

1792: Philadelphia (of 1792). Owner Thomas Patrickson M/O. Captain Thomas Patrickson. Trader to China from Philadelphia. From Wace and Lovett.

1792: Kitty. Owner, Unknown. Captain George Ramsay. 18 Nov 1792 - 4 Jun 1792. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1792: Hope (first). Owners, Brown and Francis. Captain Benjamin Page. 1792 Sydney-Canton. 24 Dec 1792 - 10 Jan 1793. Sealer/trader from Providence, RI.

1792: El Descuvierta. Spanish Navy. Captain Alexandro Malaspina. 12 March 1792 - 20 April 1792. Exploration. Cumpston's Register.

1792: Hope of US (duplicate entry). Owners, Browna and Francis. Captain Martin Page. 1791-1792. Trader/sealer. Same as Benj Page?. From Providence RI, maybe same as Hope Benj Page?

1792: HM Providence. RN. Captain William Bligh. Second Breadfruit Voyage to Tahiti.

1792: Asia (USA), M/O?, Capt Elijah Coffin, 1791, 1792, Shark Bay, Australia. Whaler, sealer, to Cocos Is. From Nantucket Island. Item from Wace and Lovett, p. 45.

1792: Active (whaler1) Owners, Wilkinson and Reynolds, Capt Ranson Jones, 21 Jan 1790, 27 Feb 1792, Whaling, See AGE AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 193.

1792: Elijah Coffin in April-May 1792 is captain of the whaler-sealer Asia (owners unknown) from Nantucket, to Shark Bay n/w of West Australia, Cocos Island; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett) Coffin was from a very large family of Nantucket whalers/mariners.

During 1792-1793 sailed, Asia, possibly master/owner, Capt. Elijah Coffin. (for Shark Bay, n/w Australia?) In 1792-1793, Hope, owned by Brown and Francis of Rhode Island, Capt. Benjamin Page. Also in 1792, Philadelphia, possibly master/owner, Capt. Thomas Patrickson to Sydney.

December 1792, A British vessel Jenny reached Nootka Sound, from Bristol, she had called at Tahiti and picked up Capt. Matthew Wetherhead off the wrecked Matilda, earlier a ship of the Third Fleet to Australia. So Wetherhead must have been waiting on Tahiti deliberately on South Whale Fishery business, as he could have gone earlier with Bligh on Bligh's second breadfruit voyage pick-up. 17 December, 1792, Bligh in Providence called at St Helena where she received orders from England pointing locations in West Indies at which she was to touch, and deliver cargo. On Providence Bligh had picked up part of the crew of the wrecked London whaler, Matilda, wrecked near Marquesas Islands. Matilda wrecked at night near Muroroa or Osnaburg Island. 21 survivors. Bligh met them at Matavi Bay, Tahiti.

1792: Discovery - Capt. George Vancouver; accompanied by Chatham; arrived 2 Mar., 1792, departed 16 Mar., 1792. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1792: Chatham - Lieut. William Robert Broughton; accompanied Discovery; arrived 2 Mar, 1792, departed 16 Mar., 1792. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1792: Daedalus - British naval store ship; Lieut. Hergest; arrived 7 May, 1792, departed 12 May, 1792. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1792: Columbia - Boston registry, ship; Robert Gray, master; arrived 29 Oct, 1792, departed 3 Nov., 1792. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1791: Halcyon - Charles William Barkley, master; arrived 8 Nov., 1792, departed 15 Nov., 1792. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1792: Margaret - American registry, ship; Capt. Magee, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1792: Jenny - England; Capt. Baker, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1792:: Dec. 1792, convict transport Boddingtons, Capt. Robert Chalmers, for William Richards, who had engaged Augustus Beyer. EICO charter for ship.

Out 28 April, 1792:: ? Bros of Dunkirk Capt. D. Swain.

Year 1793

Out May, 1793:: Simon Paul Queen Charlotte. (?) Estimate: Simon Paul of Tottenham Court Rd, May 1793, had out Queen Charlotte in fishery. TI/719.

1793:: List of Subscribers to John Hunter's "Transactions", 1 January, 1793.
Addington, speaker, HOC; Pepper Arden; Sir Joseph Banks; Sir Charles Bunbury; Mr Barnard Jnr; Richard Barwell Esq; George Chalmers; Alexander Dalrymple; Alexander Davison; Samuel Enderby; W. Faden; Lord Grenville; John Hunter (surgeon); Lord Hawkesbury; Sir George Jackson; Mr Alderman Macaulay; Evan Nepean; Rt. Hon. W. Pitt; Mr Richardson; Vis. Sydney; Sir James Sanderson, Mayor; Robert Thornton; Nicholas Vansittart; Sir George Young.

August, 1793:: (Stackpole. p. 182) Capt Thos Melville of Britannia Fleet 3 returns to NSW waters in that ship. Oct. 1793, Capt. Thos Melville out whaling (for Enderbys) on Speedy.

1793:: See Capt. Thomas Melville of Fleet 3 ship Britannia in NSW waters. Dakin has his argument with Gov Phillip and his letter home to Enderbys. (See Stackpole, p. 182) He is possibly still out in August 1793.

1793: Sugar Cane. Owner, Unknown. Captain Thomas Musgrave. 17 Sep 1793. Convict transport, see Bateson.

1793: Shah Hormuzear. Owner (M/O), William Wright Bampton. Captain William Wright Bampton. 24 Feb 1793. Stores, provisions to NSW. Ship 18 May, 1793.

1793: Duke of Clarence. RN. Lt John Hayes. 25 Apr 1793 - 9 Jun 1793. Explore New Guinea. Cumpston's Register. Hayes/McCluer. Effort to annex n/e New Guinea. Had tried to obtain EICo interest, failed, trade with NG till 1801.

1793: Also given as Duchess of Clarence. RN. Captain Lt John Hayes. 1793. 25 Apr 1793 - 9 Jun 1793. Explore New Guinea area. Cumpston's Register

1793: Hope (of 1793). 1792. Owners Brown and Francis. Captain Benjamin Page. 1792-1793, Trader from Providence, RI. From Wace and Lovett.

1793: Fairy (of 1793). Owners, Of Boston. Captain Rogers. Sealer of Boston. Cumpston's Register, From Wace and Lovett.

1793: Descubierta. Spanish Navy. Captain Malaspina. 1792-1793. Exploration.

1793: Daedalus. HM? Lt James Hanson. 1792 - 20 Apr 1793 - 1 July 1793. Storeship to NSW. Cumpston's Register.

1793: Canada of 1793. Owner Notknown. Captain Muirhead. 1793 but did not sail. Convict transport per John St Barbe. John St Barbe tried to send but she is condemned as unfit. Did not sail.

1793: Boddingtons. Owners Unknown. Captain Robert Chalmers. 7 Aug 1793. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1793: Atrevida. Spain Navy. Captain Malaspina visiting Sydney. 1792 - 1793. Exploration. See chronology notes

1793: Francis. Local NSW ship, schooner. Owner, Gov. of NSW. Captain William House. 24 July 1793 - Local Sydney, local transport. Mate is Robert Watson from HM Sirius. Cumpston's Register.

1793: Bellona. Owners, Unknown. Capt Matthew Boyd. 16 Jan 1793. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1793: Amelia (US brig), Owner Unknown, Capt Trotter, 1793, n/w America, 1793, Sealing. Note from Howay on n/w American sealing.

1793: Another convict/storeship for Australia - Bellona:
Departing? Arriving 16 January, 1793. Capt. Matthew Boyd. Carrying 17 women convicts.

1793: Another convict ship for Australia - Boddingtons, 331 tons:
Departing Cork ? Arriving Sydney 7 August, 1793 carrying Irish convicts. Contractor William Richards. Capt. Robert Chalmers. Ship had "alarms" of convict mutiny risks. Boddingtons and Sugar Cane were the last two ships ever organised by William Richards, who was not heard of again. His son William III later became a convict ship captain, and a NSW settler, but rather mysteriously, and despite William III's status as a pioneer, little survives of the family history, which located at Walcha NSW at a property, Winterbourne.

1793: Another convict ship for Australia - Sugar Cane, 403 tons:
Departing Cork, 12 April, 1793 - Arriving 17 September, 1793 carrying Irish convicts. Contractor, William Richards. Capt. Thomas Musgrave.

In 1793 arrived from Boston: owner ? Rogers in 1793 had a snow/trader Fairy, captain not named, sailed from Sydney thence North Pacific and China.

In 1793, the Amelia brig, Capt. Trotter sailed for n/w America.

In March 1793, the Spaniard Malaspina visited Sydney with ships Descubierta/Descuvierta and Atrevida, 11 March, 1793, Two Spanish ships, treated with hospitality, invited two colony officers to ship for dinner. story by Bob Beale in The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 May, 1993, a member of the British Library staff has rediscovered three of the pictures from the Malaspina expedition to Sydney early 1793. Three large ink-and-wash drawings, the deputy map librarian was Mr Peter Barber, who was "examining the contents of an obscure file in a remarkable collection of 50,000 maps, charts, prints and drawings compiled by King George III" the so-called Kings Collections, also with scenes of New York and Toronto. The King apparently removed the drawings enclosed in a despatch to the then Home Secretary, Mr Dundas, from the then Lt. Gov of the colony, Major Francis Grose, to whom they had been given by the Spaniards ... executed by Don Fernando Brambila ..." Apparently the absence of the drawings had been noted earlier by PRO and scholars lamenting their absence.
Malaspina arrived in January 1793, when Bampton's ship Shah Hormuzear possibly was in Sydney Harbour at the time, it seems for political reasons the Spanish censored scenes depicting the convicts. Malaspina was privately critical of the colony on humanitarian and political grounds, especially about the treatment of the convicts. But Malaspina knew that Britain was keen at the time to promote the colony as a suitable place for emigration. So Bambila painted two sets of scenes, one sanitised for the British; one showing it as it was. One scene kept by the Spanish shows convicts in chains under armed guard being used in teams to pull a wagon, possibly a rick-shaw arrangement. The Spaniards arrived in Sydney on 13 March, 1793, and left on 11 April, Malaspina had secret orders to make military and commercial maps, records on the colony, and to find if Sydney was intended as a British naval base with a view to attacking the west coast of Spanish America and even California. But when Malaspina's voyage took years, and when he made his final report, his views were deemed seditious and he spent many years in jail; his reports were suppressed.

16 December, 1793, London: John St Barbe tendered a ship Canada (Capt Muirhead) for convict transportation, and on inspection the ship was condemned, replaced by Surprize Capt Patrick Campbell, 110 convicts, at 25 pounds per head, 20 pounds now, five pounds at delivery, as per Third Fleet arrangements under Lt. Bowen, etc., but the ship was found to be in a state to be condemned. This was surprisingly bad form from John St Barbe, who should have known ships far better than to try on this one for the convict service.

1793: One record of 1793 can perhaps be doubted as an "American discovery". But it is said that in 1793, US Capt. Jonathan Carnes discovered wild pepper growing on the north coast of Sumatra. He used the schooner Rajah to open a regular trade that greatly benefited Salem. His first profit was 700 per cent; US pepper handling increased to 1802 but declined after the 1812 war with Britain. Sumatran pepper remained a "backbone" of Salem's trade for about 50 years. See K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., p. 57.

From a website - The Prince William Henry wintered on the Northwest Coast and was seen in 1793 by Chatham in May and by the Jefferson in June. It sailed to China at the end of the year but returned to the coast in 1795. In 1796, the ship was in Macao and was purchased by William Broughton as a consort vessel for the Providence.

1792-1793: From Providence, Rhode Island, Brown and Francis, in late 1792/1793 had out their trader Hope, Capt. Benjamin Page, to Sydney, thence Canton. Also, one Capt Martin Page is recorded as being on a trader/sealer from Providence, Hope, for owners Brown and Francis, to Sydney thence Canton. Probably, Benjamin and Martin Page were related (?).

In 1793: Arrived to Sydney from Boston: ? Rogers in 1793 had a snow/trader Fairy, owner ? Rogers, captain not named, sailed from Sydney thence North Pacific and China. On 1 Feb, 1793, France declared war against England, French privateers based at Mauritius, harried Dutch and English shipping in the Bay of Bengal and Straits of Malacca. In 1796 a strong French force tried to take Penang. See H. P. Clodd, Malaya’s First British Pioneer: The Life of Francis Light. London, Luzac and Co., 1948., pp. 122-123, re the French try to take Penang, where the fort is ridiculous, never improved since early days. Light re-fortified but the Gov-General in Bengal forbade it. Light thought the French no longer had Trincomalee, for could use Dutch ports or Manila. Malacca could not give France supplies. Andaman Islands no use. Junk Ceylon could be taken but was no use, too long to recover. So they'd take Penang, maybe with aid of Kedah Sultan? The Dutch Governor at Malacca was Couperous, sending news to Light, fearing a French attack. Cornwallis is still fighting Tipu Sultan. Cornwallis sent 60 men plus officers to Penang. To the end of 1793, British presence assisted by Admiral Rainier arriving with a 74-gun flagship, Suffolk. Clodd, Life of Francis Light, p. 125 says French forces had been ordered to avoid meeting the British navy.

1793: Discovery - Capt. George Vancouver; accompanied by Chatham; arrived 12 Feb., 1793, departed 30 Mar., 1793. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1793: Chatham - Lieut. Peter Puget; accompanied Discovery; arrived 12 Feb., 1793. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1793: Jefferson - American registry, trader; Capt. Roberts, master; arrived Mar 1793. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1793: Butterworth - English registry, trader; William Brown, master.

Year 1794

1794:: Sydenham Teastof Bristol, had out Chalres Bishop in Nautilus in Pacific.

1794:: Out June, 1794. Donald, Robert, Swift. (?)
King, Thos. Spry. (?) Spencer, Chris Lucas (?)
Bennet, Daniel Fanny (?)
Delano, Harvey Kitty (?)
10 June, 1794. Yorke, Thos. New Hope Capt. Joshua Bunker (same, May 1795.
Dec. 1794. Bennett, Daniel, had out Lord Hawkesbury Capt. Henry Mackie, returning 2 Dec.

1794:: (Stackpole, pp. 400-401, Appendix). SWF from GB, vessels returning in 1794.
Owners Ship Capt.
Curtis Arnold Wheatley, Patagonia SA
Duncan Chesterfield 180 Duncan
Mangles British Tar 347 Fitch
Mather Prince of Wales 318 Bolton, Coast of Peru, Pacific.
Source: Chalmers Papers/Pub. Lib. NSW. BT-6/95. BT 6/230 PRO.

1794: Halcyon. Owner Brown and Francis. Captain ?Benjamin?. 14 Jun 1794- 8 July 1794. Food/liquor on spec to Sydney. He is uncle of Benjamin Page. Halcyon (of 1794). W. F. Megee, Benj. Page. Benjamin Page

1794: Speedy (1). Owner Samuel Enderby Snr. Captain Thomas Melville. 8 Jun 1794-2 Aug 1794. Delivers food supplies, thence whaling

1794: Salamander (2). Owner Unknown. Captain William Irish. 11 Sep 1794-15 Nov 1794. Stores, whaling, India. Cumpston's Register.

1794: Resolution. Owner Locke? Captain John or Matthew Locke. 10 Sep 1794- 9 Nov 1794. Stores, whaler. Cumpston's Register.

1794: Prince Lee Boo. British. Captain Notknown. Nil as to Hawaii. Exploration. View civil war, in In company with Jackal.

1794: Lady Washington (US). Owner Notknown. Captain Notknown. Honolulu. Nil. Exploration, Views civil war. See Glen Barclay on Pacific History.

1794: Jackal of 1794. British. Owner Notknown. 1793-1794. Nil as to Hawaii. Exploration, View civil war. In company with Prince Lee Boo and US ship Lady Washington

1794: Hope (second)/ Owners Brown and Francis. Captain Page. 5 July 1794. Food, liquor on spec. Captain is uncle of Benjamin Page qv.

1794: Hope (of 1794). Owners Brown and Francis. Captain Martin Page. 1794. Sealer, trader to Canton from Providence, RI. From Wace and Lovett

1794: Halcyon trader. Owner B. Page, Megee. Captain Benjamin Page. US trader, Sydney then to Canton. From Providence RI. From Wace and Lovett.

1794: Halcyon (Other). Owner Brown and Francis. Captain Benjamin Page. 14 Jun 1794-8 July 1794. Supplies to Sydney, liquor on spec. Supercargo Megee. Owned WF Megee and Benj Page. Martin Page?

1794: Fancy snow. Owner Dell. Captain Thomas Edgar Dell. 9 July 1794-29 Sep 1794. Food supplies. Dell?. Formerly chief mate of Shah Hormuzear. Cumpston's Register.

1794: Surprize (2). Owner British. Captain Patrick Campbell. 25 Oct 1794 - 17 Dec 1794. Convict transport, to Bengal. Cumpston's Register.

1794: William. Owner Samuel Enderby Snr. Captain William Folger. 10 Mar 1794. Convict transport, whaling by Peru. Bateson. Cumpston's Register.

1794: Atlantic (1). Owner Unknown. Captain Archibald Armstrong. 20 Aug 1791

1794: Arthur (brig). Owner Unknown. Capt Barber. 10 Mar 1794. Food to Sydney, speculation, then to Bengal.

1794: Arthur (US-1794) snow or brig, Owners Brown and Ives (US), Capt Henry Barber, 1793-1794, 1794 at Sydney and Apr 1796. Trader from Providence, RI. Notes from a website say Barber is recorded on n/w American coast of 1794, as George Vancouver saw her moving, it left there on 23 July, she had originally come from Bengal via Port Jackson, was wrecked off Hawaii, From Wace and Lovett.

1794: Ruby of 1794. Owner Sydenham Teast. Capt Charles Bishop. 1794-1795. N/W America sealing. To arrive by April 1795. Roe, pp. 6-7. See chronology notes

1794: Experiment (snow). Owners British. Capt Edward M'Clellan. 24 Dec 1794-23 Mar 1795. Spec trader, to Bengal. Goes to Hawkesbury River for cedar and mahogany. Cumpston's Register.

1794: Mercury brig. Owners, Rhode Island. Capt William Barnet. 7-17 Oct 1794-7 Dec 1794. Refresh, supplies. Of Rhode Island. Cumpston's Register.

1794: Another convict ship for Australia - William:
Owned by Enderbys, a whaler. Departing ? - Arriving 10 March, 1794. Capt. William Folger.

1794: Treaty between Americans and English negotiated by John Jay allows resumption of Anglo-American trade but does not resolve impressment controversy. Newly-appointed naval architect, Joshua Humphreys, prepared the first models for "Humphrey's frigates" (the Constitution and Constellation among others); Congress is motivated by the threat of the Barbary corsairs - 1798 – 1800. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

1794: Hope, for Brown and Francis, Capt. Martin Page (probably a relative of Benjamin Page above?) September, 1794. (8 December, 1794. English mariner Charles Bishop in Ruby sailing for Sydenham Teast of Bristol reached Berkely Sound in the Falkland Islands. See May 1795.) Note: Roe, pp. 6-7.

1794: At Sydney, 1794, Halcyon, from Providence, for Brown and Francis, Capt. Benjamin Page. “Laden with spirits [about 5000 gallons] and beef”. (To Sydney.) Another report is that her owners were B. Page, W. Megee and others, to Sydney thence Canton. Note: Lisle on Grose, cited above, p. 18.

1794: At Sydney, 1794, Hope, Capt. Page. (Lisle pp. 18-20 says Hope and Halcyon together reaped a total of £4857/10/- from Sydney customers.)

Copy of a 2002 press release
re 1790s: Follows on Brown of Rhode Island: the following is an indication of modern sensibilities about the legacies of slavery, the desire for compensation and threat of legal action. FleetBoston: Traced to slave-trading merchant 2 February 2002 (from a press release) What companies say today - Various documents link modern companies to antebellum slavery. Reporter James Cox takes a look at the evidence and the companies' responses. FleetBoston Financial Group traces its beginnings to Providence Bank, chartered by a group led by Rhode Island merchant John Brown in 1791. Brown's bank is described as Fleet's "earliest predecessor" in a Fleet timeline. Brown was a slave trader. A partial census of slave ships in the book The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade lists him as owner of several vessels that sailed to Africa and returned with human cargo. A typical entry names him as part owner of the Hope, a 208-ton ship that brought 229 slaves from Africa to Cuba in 1796. Another for the same year names him as part owner of the schooner Delight, which delivered 81 slaves to Savannah, Georgia. It is unclear whether any of Brown's slaving enterprises had a business relationship with the bank he founded. Fleet spokesman James Mahoney says Brown's Providence Bank was "one of hundreds" that created Fleet. The link between Fleet and Brown is "extremely remote," he says. In the pre-Civil War cotton trade, the key financiers included Britain's Barings Bros., the Anglo-French Rothschild firm and Baltimore-based Alex. Brown & Sons. They took consignments of cotton from so-called commission merchants, insured them, shipped them to Europe and sold them. They also gave credit to cotton brokers and other middlemen. Holland's ING Group bought Barings in 1995 and renamed its investment banking arm ING Barings. It says the original Barings Bros. went bust in 1891 and that it acquired a successor firm with no liabilities from the defunct Barings. Deutsche Banc bought Alex. Brown in 1999 and changed its name to Deutsche Banc Alex. Brown. It declines comment. Rothschild archivist Victor Gray says his firm bought and sold "bills of exchange" used as payment in various industries but was not active in the cotton trade itself.
	(Ends this copy of a press release)

1794: To Sydney, 1794, From Rhode Island Arthur, owned by Brown and Ives, Capt. Henry Barber. (No other information arises on Barber.)

1794: At Sydney, 1794, Halcyon, owned William Fairchild Megee, and Benjamin Page, Capt. Benjamin Page. (Note 32: Precis: William Fairchild Megee/Magee (1765-1820, died at Canton). (He is spelled Megee on a university archive-type website, sometimes spelled Magee in shipping records.) On William Fairchild Magee (1765-1820). There is a James Magee a brother-in-law of Thomas Handasynd Perkins qv. See Henry Lee, 'The Magee Family and the Origins of the China Trade, The Proceedings, Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. LXXXI, 1969., pp. 104-119. See Jacques M. Downs, ‘The Merchant as Gambler, Major William Fairchild Magee, 1765-1820’, Rhode Island History, Vol. XXVII, No. 4, Nov. 1969, and notes from Anthony Chen on Hong insolvencies. He visited Sydney on Grand Turk in the mid-1790s. See Cumpston's Register. WFM was married to Susan Nightingale (1771-1841); the Nightingale family was related in turn to the Jenckes.

1794: At Honolulu, Hawaii, came in two British ships the Jackal and Prince Lee Boo, (sic) plus the American ship Lady Washington, all three to find themselves viewing a civil war on the islands. (Note: See also on Coffin, Margaret and Colin Kerr, Australia’s Early Whalemen. Sydney, Rigby, 1980., p. 34. Glen Barclay, A History of the Pacific: From the Stone Age to the present day. London. Sidgwick and Jackson. 1978., p. 59.)
By 10 March, 1794, the brig (or snow? ) Arthur Captain Barber was to Bengal on speculation, then to the n/w coast of America. By 26 April, 1794, Captain Barber in Arthur was at Tahiti, and discovered the west of Fiji group of islands on his passage from Sydney to N/W America.

1794: June-July 1794, Capt. Benjamin Page is on trader Halcyon, from Providence, for owners B. page, W. Megee and others, to Sydney thence Canton. (Churchward 1948.)

By 10 March, 1794, the British brig Arthur Captain Barber was to Bengal on speculation, then to the n/w coast of America. By 26 April, 1794, Captain Barber in snow Arthur (?) was at Tahiti, and discovered the west of Fiji group on his passage from Sydney to N/W America.

By June 1794, there returned to Bristol, England, Charles Bishop who now won his employer Sydenham Teast's approbation and an appointment as master of Ruby (a small ship) for a voyage to n/w coast of America, Bishop to reach n/w coast by April 1795, to begin trading at about 45 degrees north, and he must take scrupulous care to observe the requirements of EICo, on which Teast had entered a £25,000 pounds bond. The South Sea Company had to grant approval also for this voyage - see 9 September, 1794. (103) (8 December, 1794. Charles Bishop in Ruby reached Berkely Sound in the Falkland Islands. See May 1795.)

At Sydney, 1794, Halcyon, for Brown and Francis, Capt. Benjamin Page, arriving Sydney, “Laden with spirits [about 5000 gallons] and beef”. A different report is: At Sydney, 1794, Halcyon, owned William Fairchild Megee, and Benjamin Page, Capt. Benjamin Page. 1794: and in June-July 1794, Capt. Benjamin Page is on trader Halcyon, from Providence, for owners B. Page, W. Megee and others, to Sydney thence Canton, see Churchward 1948.

7 December, 1794, Brig Mercury Capt Wm Barnet of Rhode Is. At Sydney.

To Sydney, 1794, American ship Arthur, owned by Brown and Ives, Capt. Henry Barber. (No other information arises on Barber.)

By 6 July 1794, from Providence, Rhode Island, Capt. Benjamin Page was revisiting Sydney on the trader Halcyon, for owners B. Page, W. Megee and others, to Sydney thence Canton. See Churchward 1948; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett). This was probably the same Megee/Magee as mentioned earlier. (In August-September 1796 from Boston or Salem, Capt. Francis Mallaby was on trader Grand Turk, supercargo being Meggee, to Sydney thence Canton. This may have been an opium ship?) A different reading again is that in August-September 1796, a Boston/Salem trader, Capt Francis Mallaby was on Grand Turk, supercargo being Meggee, to Sydney thence Canton.

1794: From Providence, in 6-7/1794, Capt. Benjamin Page is on trader Halcyon, for owners B. Page, W. Megee and others, to Sydney thence Canton.

At Sydney, 1794, Hope, Capt. Page. (Lisle pp. 18-20 says Hope and Halcyon together reaped a total of £4857/10/- from Sydney customers. See also, Foster Dulles, The Old China Trade. London. Macdonald and Jane's. 1974, pp. 82ff. Meantime, Yankee sealers were active circa 1790ff.

1794:: Discovery - Capt. George Vancouver; accompanied by Chatham; arrived 9 Jan., 1794, departed 14 Mar., 1794. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Chatham - Lieut. Peter Puget; accompanied Discovery; arrived 9 January, 1794, departed 14 Mar., 1794. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Britannia - first vessel built in Hawaii; constructed under Vancouver's supervision in Feb, 1794 (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Jefferson - American registry; Capt. Roberts, master; arrived Oct 1794. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Phoenix - Capt. Moore, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Jackal - English registry, schooner, trader; William Brown, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Prince Lee Boo - English registry, Capt. Gordon, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1794: Lady Washington - American registry; Capt. John Kendrick, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1795

1795:: May. Eber Bunker had just gotten back from Fleet 3 to London. Went out whaling on Pomona for Alex. Benj. Champion. May 1795, see June 1794, same.

1795: Betsy of 1795. Owner, Edward Faning. Captain Edward Faning. 1795 to Canton, seal skins.

1795: Young William, British owned, Capt James Mortlock, 4 Oct 1795, 29 Oct 1795, Storeship to NSW, to Canton. Cumpston's Register.

1795: Despatch (US). Owner Notknown. Captain Elias Newbury. 1795. Capt killed in Alaska in 1795. Sealer from Boston. See Newbury or Newby? Howay's writings.

1795: John Jay of 1795. US Notknown. Captain Samuel Hill. 1795 to Canton. Little known.

1795: Fairy (of 1795) Owner Notknown. Captain Ebenezer Dorr. Sealer to n/w America. Evidence is a letter from T. H. Perkins of 1795 as seen in Cabot genealogy.

1795: Experiment of 1796. British. Captain Edward M'Clennan. 1795 - 24 Jan 1796 - April 1796. India goods. Cumpston's Register

1795: Endeavour. Owner (M/O) W. W. Bampton. Captain W. W. Bampton. 1795. 31 May 1795 - 18 Sep 1795. Trading to Sydney NSW from India. M/O? Cumpston's Register.

1795: Delight (US). Owner Notknown. Captain Sturgis. 1795. Notknown. She is captured and taken to Jamaica. Evidence is a letter of 1795 by T. H. Perkins found in Cabot genealogy.

1795: Ceres. Owners British. Captain Thomas Hedley. 1795 - 23 Jan 1796 - 3 Apr 1796. Trade, to Canton. Cumpston's Register.

1795: Arthur of 1796. Owners Notknown. Captain Barber. 1 Jan 1796 - 3 Apr 1796. To Calcutta, Bengal, Trade, speculation. Cumpston's Register.

1795: Tom Thumb. RN. Capt Matthew Flinders. With George Bass to circumnavigate Tasmania. Sails again in March 1796, Cumpston's Register as Tom Thumb IIb.

1795: Indispensable. Owner, Daniel Bennett. Capt William Wilkinson. 30 Apr 1795-8 June 1794. Convict transport, trade China, Bengal. Cumpston's Register seems to have her arrive April 1796.

1795: HM Providence of 1795. RN. Captain William Robert Boughton. 26 Aug 1795- 13 Oct 1795. Exploration, Nootka Sound. Cumpston's Register.

1795: Mercury (of 1795 US). Owners Unknown. Capt Bartlett. Sealer from Rhode Island. Howay's writings.

1795: Union (US sloop). Owners, Hatch/Gardiner. Capt John Boit. 1795-1796. Sealer, Newport, RI. Howay lists US ship Despatch 106 tons from Boston for Dorr and Sons in 1796, a different ship. Howay finds, Capt. John Boit is only 19 at the time, she is 98 tons, owned by Crowell Hatch and Caleb Gardiner.

1795:: Another convict ship for Australia - Surprize 2:
Departing 2 May 1794 - Arriving Sydney 25 October, 1795. Capt. Patrick Campbell. Ship carried the "Scottish Martyrs".
Michael Flynn, Settlers and Seditionists: The People of the Convict Ship Surprize, 1794. Sydney, Angela Lind, 1994.

1795: There is American Ebenezer Dorr Jnr on Fairy to n/w American in 1795 re T. H. Perkins letter. In 1795, Capt Sturgis is on Delight for T. H. Perkins, was captured and taken to Jamaica.
1795: Fairy, owned by?, Capt. Ebenezer Dorr. This was probably Ebenezer III Dorr, (1739-d.1809 Boston). He has 12 children by wife Cunningham. “A devout Christian, he was one of the first Boston merchants to try for n/w American furs. He lived on the north side of Milk Street, Boston, near Devonshire Street.

At Canton 1795, American Edward Fanning, on 93-ton Betsy, with sealskins. And John Jay, Capt Samuel Hill, at Canton.

September 1795: Via India, Capt. W. W. Bampton's Endeavour from India ran aground at Dusky Bay, New Zealand South Island. He presumably was on sealing business there. Americans seemed to express no interest in the Dusky Bay area, which had first been mapped by Cook. (Note: See J. C. Garran, 'William Wright Bampton and the Australian Merino', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol. 58, Parts 1&2, March 1, 1972., pp. 1-12. J. C. Garran, 'Indian Sheep in early New South Wales’, Newsletter, Royal Australian Historical Society, April 1974. J. C., Garran, 'Sheep and other livestock in New South Wales, 1788-1805’, Canberra and District Historical Society Journal, March 1970., pp. 1-17. J. C. Garran and Leslie White, Merinos, Myths and Macarthurs: Australian Graziers and their sheep, 1788-1900. Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1985.

1795: Howay lists Boit's log of US ships for furs, Union in 1795. Howay in 1795 has Capt. Bartlett of Rhode island on US fur snow Mercury in 1795.

1795: Howay lists Dorr and Sons of Boston fur ship Despatch Capt. Elias Newbury killed in Alaska in 1795.

At Canton 1795: American Edward Fanning, on 93-ton Betsy, with sealskins. And John Jay, Capt Samuel Hill, at Canton.

1795, Delight, owned by?, Capt. Sturgis.

22 May, 1795: Roe - Charles Bishop on Ruby reached north of Columbia River trading about North-West America, (see October).

1795: Despatch, Capt(?) Elias Newby – sealer.

1795: Union American sloop, for Hatch and Gardiner, Capt. John Boit.

1795: HM Reliance. RN. Owners Not given. 7 Sep 1795 - 21 Jan 1796. Govt, Norfolk Island. Cumpston's Register.

1795: Union - Boston registry; John Boit, jr., master; arrived 13 Oct., 1795, departed 16 Oct., 1795 (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1795: Jane - arrived 13 Oct., 1795, departed 12 Nov., 1795. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1795: Ruby - Charles Bishop, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1795: Mercury - Capt. Barnett, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1796

1796:: Providence - Capt. William Robert Broughton; arrived 1 Jan., 1796, departed 20 Feb., 1796. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1796: Arthur - Henry Barber, master (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1796: Otter - Boston registry; Ebenezer Dorr, master; sighted Hawaii 2 Dec., 1796, left Kauai 1 Jan., 1797. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1796:: 21 June, Daniel Bennett had out whaler Lord Hawkesbury.

1796: Sally (Boston brig). US-owned. Captain Joseph Pierpont. 1796-1797. Sealer. Howay's writings.

1796: Lady Washington. Owner John Howel and Co. Captain Rbt/Roger Simpson. 1796-1797. Sealer. Howay's writings

1796: Prince of Wales (transport). British. Captain Unknown. 1 Nov 1796 - 23 Nov 1796. Transport/victualler. To China. Cumpston's Register.

1796: Grand Turk (of 1796). Owner W. F. Magee. Captain Francis Mallaby. Trader to Canton. From Wace and Lovett.

1796: Grand Turk. Supercargo Megee. Captain Unknown. Unknown. 23 Aug 1796. Food and supplies. Cumpston's Register. (Is she owned still by her original owner, Elias Haskett Derby?) To Manila and Canton

1796: Sovereign. British. Captain George Storey. 5 Nov 1796. Storeship, Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1796: Despatch (owned Dorr). Owner, Dorr and Sons. Captain Notknown. 1796. Sealer probably. She is only of 106 tons.

1796: Otter (of 1796). US. Owner Ebenezer Dorr. 1795 - 24 Jan 1796 - 18 Feb 1796. Sealer, China, Bengal. Boston. Cumpston's Register, re Mertho and Thos. Muir. From Wace and Lovett.

1796: Marquis Cornwallis. Owners Hogan and Co. Captain Michael Hogan. 9 Aug 1795 - 11 Feb 1796. 5 May 1796. Convict transport, then to India. Cumpston's Register

1796: L'Atrevida (Intrepid). Spanish Navy. Captain Jose de Bustamenta y Guerra. 1795. 12 March 1792 - 20 April 1792. Exploration about Australia. Cumpston's Register.

1796: Assistance. British. Not given. 17 Mar 1796 - 1796. To Dusky Sound, find castaways, whaling. Cumpston's Register.

1796: Atlantic (of 1796) Owners, S., C. and S. Enderby. Captain Henry Delano. 1796. Captured by Spain. Whaling. Enderby, Paul's Wharf. AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 196.

1796: Sylph. British owned. Captain Unknown. 17 Nov 1796 - 6 Dec 1796. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1796: Susan (of 1796). Owners of Rhode Island. Capt Trotter. 1796. 19 April 1796. Trader speculative to Sydney, to Canton. From Providence, RI. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1796: Washington. US Owners Notknown. Capt Roger Simpson. Exploration. At Sandwich Island meets Britisher Charles Bishop, the two captains become friends

1796: Indispensable (1) Owner Unknown. Capt Wilkinson. 30 Apr 1796. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1796: Another convict ship for Australia - Indispensable: Capt. Wilkinson.
Arriving Sydney 30 April, 1796. Carrying female prisoners.

1796: Campbell and Co. of Calcutta in 1796 are beginning to deal to Sydney, New South Wales. Campbells also wanted to ship saltpetre to Sydney for salting meat, which was allowed.
Singh, Agency Houses, p. 154-158.

1796: Another convict ship for Australia - Sovereign: Capt. George Storey.
Arriving Sydney 5 November, 1796.

1795: Another convict ship for Australia - Marquis Cornwallis: Capt. Michael Hogan, Master/owner.
Departing Cork, 9 August, 1795. Arriving Sydney 11 February, 1796. Had risk of mutiny by prisoners-guards (part of the NSW Corps).

The latest on Hogan is as per this e-mail to The Blackheath Connection of 14 January 2004 from Virginia, USA
Dear Dan, I was a frequent user of your Blackheath Connection when researching a non-fiction book now published as "Captain Hogan: Sailor, Merchant, Diplomat on Six Continents."
It tells the true story of Michael Hogan (1766-1833) who traveled the world's oceans and lived in and traded with all six continents. Among other things, it tells the full story of his carriage of Irish convicts to New South Wales on his ship, the Marquis Cornwallis, in 1796. Full details are at: (now a broken link): http://SixContinents.home.att.net/
Kind regards, Michael H. Styles, 7004 Sylvan Glen Lane, Fairfax Station, VA 22039 USA
Follows some detail on the book: Captain Hogan: Sailor, Merchant, Diplomat on Six Continents, by Michael H. Styles - The true story of Michael Hogan, an adventurous "seaman, merchant and diplomat" who traveled the world's oceans and lived on six continents during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Set in the rich historical context of the times, the action takes place in Ireland, London, Bombay, Calcutta, Canton, New South Wales, Cape of Good Hope, New York, Havana, Valparaiso and Washington, D.C.
Critically acclaimed - ISBN 0-9744347-0-1 * 434 pages * Bibliography/Index Biography/18th & 19th Century History * Paper * US$22.95
Also by Michael H. Styles - Michael Hogan: A Family Addendum: A companion booklet with additional background about the book, Capt. Michael Hogan's children and grandchildren through about 1900, and a genealogical record of all his descendants. Of principal interest to Hogan family descendants. ISBN 0-9744347-2-8 * 71 pages * Second Edition * Paper * US$6.00 JUST PUBLISHED! (January 2004). Email to Six Continent Horizons, at: SixContinents@att.net

1795-1796, Howay lists sloop Union of Newport Rhode Island 98 tons owned Crowell Hatch and Caleb Gardiner, Capt John Boit (aged 19 ex-mate of Columbia).

1796++: A dark horse in trading matters was surgeon Augustus Beyer, on Capt. Dennot's Britannia 1796-1797. Rather mysteriously, Beyer became agent for the NSW Corps Officers at Calcutta until 1801. What Beyer actually did remains very hard to say.

1796, Despatch, owned Dorr and Sons. (See material earlier given on the Dorr family.

1796: Sally, from Boston, owned by ?, Capt. Joseph Pierpont. Note: Howay on n/w America, has in 1796-1797, ship Sally a Boston Brig Capt Joseph Pierpont who may be this same man. He was a partner with Lessingwell, dealing with Bird, Savage and Bird of London.

1796: Lady Washington, owned by John Howel and Co., Capt. Robert or Roger Simpson.

1796: Grand Turk, William Fairchild Magee owner or supercargo, Capt. Francis Mallaby. Another report is: 1796: From Boston/Salem: Capt Francis Mallaby in August-Sep 1796 is on trader Grand Turk, supercargo being Megee, to Sydney thence Canton.

1796: Otter, owned Ebenezer Dorr, sealer, to China. 18 February, 1796, Otter, Capt. Ebenezer Dorr, departed Sydney. 1796: From Boston, Capt. Ebenezer Dorr in Jan-Feb 1796 is on sealer Otter, to Sydney. (And in 1811, one Capt. Dorr for unnamed owners had the ship or brig Brutus from Boston to Launceston and Hobart.)

1796: Sails Swan, from Rhode Island, Capt. Trotter.

1796: Lady Washington, owned by John Howel and Co., Capt. Robert or Roger Simpson.

1796: Grand Turk, William Fairchild Magee, owner or supercargo, Capt. Francis Mallaby.

19 February, 1796: Charles Bishop in Ruby (damaged), reaches the Sandwich Islands, and there met the American snow Washington Capt Roger Simpson. And the two captains became close friends. Roe, p. 10, see June. Meanwhile, in 1796, the earliest US vessel to sail the Californian coast was the Otter, see below, visiting Monterey. Seven years later the Lelia Bird, (referred to by sailors as "Lily Bird") the first US otter-fur sealer, put into San Diego. Such US sealers had to compete with a growing Russian presence on that coast, as well as dealing with the Mexican government. (Note: K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., p. 57.

1796: Christopher Thornton as master has Abigail trader from Rhode Island, Sydney-Manila-Canton in 2/96.

A little more mysteriously, between 1796-1798, an "unlikely" American trading depot developed at French-held Mauritius (Isle de France) in the Indian Ocean. Privateers preyed on British shipping. Between 1796-1798, an average of 40 US ships per year called for coffee, sugar, spices and tea. This depot reached its peak in 1806 and died in 1815 with the end of the Napoleonic Wars. (Note: K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., p. 54.

1796: Howay has US ship 106 tons, Despatch, from Boston for Dorr and Sons.

1796: As the British take the Cape of Good Hope, EICo fears a rise of illicit trade, so that deputy-chairman David Scott discounted ideas that Botany Bay (convict) ships might engage in smuggling; he noted that such ships had a freight out with government, freights for EICo if any were regulated by the Court of Directors.
(See Alan Frost, Convicts and Empire: A Naval Question, 1776-1811. Oxford University Press, 1980., p. 192.)

1796-1802: Publication of a Report (1796) on Providing Accommodation for the Trade and Shipping of the Port of London: Capt. Thomas King (earlier of slaver firm Camden, Calvert and King and said to be of Blackheath, London, with a wife, Sarah Unknown), an Elder Brother of Trinity House, pp. 274-283; John St Barbe (of Blackheath), pp. 280ff. King, p. 283, deposing to a committee of inquiry, said he had been acquainted with the River Thames for more than 30 years, the last 12 of which he had been residing in London and concerned with shipping. St. Barbe deposed on 18 April, 1796, and was described as a ship broker. A ship owner, Mellish, also concerned with whaling, gave evidence on 18 April.
(In Reports From Committees of The House of Commons, Vol. XIV. 1793-1802. Reprinted by Order of the House in 1802., Port of London Authority Library, Poplar, Isle of Dogs, from p. 276.)

1796: Another convict ship for Australia - Britannia, 500 tons:
Capt. Thomas Dennott. Departing Cork 10 December 1796 - Arriving Sydney 27 May 1797. Dennot admonished for harsh treatment of convicts. Regarded as "a hell ship" with mutiny risks, a high death rate. Surgeon was Augustus Jacob Beyer, who by now has his third voyage on a convict ship to Australia, and his last.

Year 1797

1797: Barwell of 1798. British. Captain John Cameron. Arrived Sydney 18 May 1798 - 17 Sep 1798. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register. Risks of convict mutiny arose her voyage. Website material on her indicates she was usually in East India Company employ, owners still unknown. She embarked her convicts on the Thames on 15-18 October 1797 and left Portsmouth on 7 Nov 1797. She was thence China and apparently she took home 300 French prisoners from Madras. Follows material lifted from a wikipedia page on John Buyers - John Buyers was the first officer of the brig Barwell in 1799 on her voyage to China. John Turnbull was second officer. On their return to London, Buyers and Turbull contacted regrettably unnamed London mechants with an eye to scouting the Pacific in more detail in a ship they'd acquire. Later Buyers was the first officer of the brig Margaret as an investment he and John Turnbull made in Turnbull / Buyers and Co. John Turnbull being his second officer and historian.[Note 1] Margaret, of ten guns, sailed under Buyers with Turnbull as supercargo,The Margaret, after some delay, left England on 2 July, 1800, and sailing by way of the Cape of Good Hope, reached Sydney in February 1801. They reached the Society Islands in September 1802. After trading with various islands in the group, the ship sailed for the Hawaiian Islands, arriving at Oahu on 17 December. After trading for salt at Oahu, Kauai, Niihau, and Hawaii island, Margaret sailed south on 21 January, 1803. The ship sailed in among the Tuamotuan atolls and, on 6 March, 1803, Nukutepipi, one of the Duke of Gloucester Islands, was visited and named Margaret Island, after the ship, though previously discovered in 1767. On March 10, Makemo was discovered and named Phillips Island, after a late sheriff of London (Sheriff in 1807), Sir Richard Phillips (1767-1840 who was a colourful if not eccentric fellow who died at Brighton). On the same day, Taenga was discovered and named Holts Island. Some other islands were sighted but they had been previously discovered and were not landed on. Once in Tahiti, Turnbull set up an establishment ashore for buying pigs and salting them down with the salt obtained in the Hawaiian Islands. All round, Turnbull visited Sydney/Port Jackson twice in two years, during which Hobart had been established.
Margaret set out to trade for hogs with the neighboring islands, but she ran onto a reef in the Palliser Islands and was wrecked. Buyers and his crew, after considerable hardship, managed to reach Tahiti on a roughly constructed barge made of planks from the wreck. A ship which called at Tahiti afforded passage to Sydney for both Turnbull and Buyers. They left Sydney on 16 March, 1804, in Calcutta and reached England via Cape Horn. Though a financial failure, the voyage obtained interesting information about the Society and Hawaiian Islands and the discovery of the islands Margaret, Phillips, and Holt in the Tuamotu Archipelago.
Foonote 1. ^ John Turnbull (1805). A voyage round the world: in the years 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804, in which the author visited the principal islands in the Pacific Ocean and the English settlements of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island. 1. R. Phillips by T. Gillet. http://books.google.com/books?id=Fqj_SJuA3_oC. Meanwhile, from the Internet, Barwell seems to have no owners and none of John Cameron, Sir Richard Phillips, Buyers or Turnbull seem to have any family at all. -Ed

1797: whaleboat, RN. With explorer George Bass. 1798. Discover Western Port Bay. See notes.

1797: Sydney Cove (of 1797). Owners, Campbell, Clarke and Co. Captain Guy Hamilton. 1796-8 Feb 1797. Wrecked Preservation Island. Commercial, shipwreck. Associated is Robert Campbell Snr. Cumpston's Register, See notes re career of Robert Campbell in Sydney.

1797: Abigail (US), from Rhode Island, Capt. Chris Thornton, Feb 1798, to Sydney, Manila, Canton. (From Wace and Lovett.)

1797: Ganges. Owner, Capt Thomas Patrickson. Capt Thomas Patrickson. 1796-1797. 2 June 1797-Aug 1797. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1797: Mercury of 1797. Owners Not given (US). Capt Not given. 1796-11 Jan 1797. Feb 1797. Sealer at Dusky Bay, Manila, N/wAmerica, China. Cumpston's Register.

1796-1797: - Howay lists Sally a Boston brig Capt Joseph Pierpont. Howay lists Lady Washington in n/w trade, owned John Howel and Assocs, Capt Roger/Robert Simpson. Howay at some point has Otter of Boston Ebenezer Dorr for Dorr and Sons with aboard, Muir of the Scottish Martyrs.

1790s: Rhode Island: Cyprian Sterry, mainly of Providence Rhode Island, USA, slave trader of the 1790s with 15 voyages to Africa in 1794. Link to Captain Samuel Packard.

1797: Reference item: Michael Nash, Cargo for the Colony: The 1797 Wreck of the Merchant Ship Sydney Cove. Navarine Publishing Co., Woden, ACT, 2002, 199pp.

1797: Another convict ship for Australia - Lady Shore, Capt. James Willcocks.
Ship had mutiny and did not arrive Sydney in 1797. Carried the notorious swindler, Major Semple/Major Semple Lisle (who later ended in Australia as a convict). Departing May 1797. Had earlier been used as an East Indiaman. Owned or part-owned by her master, James Willcocks, who was killed by a Frenchman, Jean Baptist Prevot. Ship seized by military guard and sailed to South America (ended at Montevideo). Carried one male and 66 women convicts.

1797: Sailed Abigail, from Rhode Island, Capt. Chris Thornton. 15-23 February, 1796, at Sydney, ship Abigail, Capt Christopher Thornton, merchants on speculation, thence Manila and Canton. (Hao pp. 13ff in 1795, Samuel Shaw was a supercargo on Ann and Hope, by 1800 he had established as a resident commission agent in China on his own account, and in p. 19 of Hao, T. H. Perkins and Co of Boston opened a branch at Canton, with John P. Cushing in charge. Cushing in Hao, pp. 29ff came home with a fortune of $600,000, retired by 1828 and let William Sturgis manage the funds. Cushing withdrew from China trade and went into railroads, textiles and various “modern” investments). Then resident agents acted for B. C. Wilcocks of Philadelphia, and Daniel Stansbury of Baltimore.

19 February, 1796: Chas Bishop in Ruby (damaged), reaches the Sandwich Islands, and there met the American snow Washington Capt Roger Simpson. and the two captains became close friends. (Roe, p. 10, see June.)

In 1797, T. H. Perkins writes to Jas. Boland of Bengal. Cabot genealogy book, he is written to by T. H. Perkins firm on 10 May 1797 on general business.

1797: HAZARD.-See entry for 1797. On the coast in 1798; lost her chief officer and four men, who were drowned in attempting to sound the bar at the mouth of the Columbia River; was at Canton on her homeward voyage in November, 1798; sailed thence about January 8, 1799, and arrived in Boston, 21 June, 1799, 164 days from Canton. Though Lamb wrote in his MS. Notes on North West Trade, p. 35, "Swift has made the largest collection of skins ever made on the coast" the voyage does not seem to have been markedly successful, for the complete cost, not including the vessel was about $35,000 and the value of the return cargo in China $67,459.29.

In 1797, US Captain W. R. Stewart, and evidently as an American involvement in the international country trade of South-East Asia, took Eliza of New York to Nagasaki, Japan, with Dutch trade goods. To 1809, Dutch traders chartered other US vessels to sail Batavia to Nagasaki due to fear the British would seize their own ships. Stewart when he returned in 1803 found the Japanese would not deal with him, nor with Capt. John Derby of Salem, who had tried to open a new market there for opium. (Note: K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., p. 57.

1797-1798: Another convict ship for Australia - Ganges, 700 tons: Capt. Thomas Patrickson.
Arriving Sydney 2 June 1798.

1797-1798: Another convict ship for Australia - Barwell, 796 tons: Capt. John Cameron.
An attempted mutiny. Departed Portsmouth 7 November, 1797 - Arriving Sydney 18 May 1798.

1797-1798: Another convict ship for Australia - Britannia, 301 tons:
Capt. Robert Turnbull. A whaler owned by Enderbys. Arriving Sydney 19 July 1798.

find date: United States enters into into an undeclared naval war with France; US effort consists of fifty-four vessels, capturing eighty-five from the French; Captain Thomas Truxtun distinguished himself. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

1797: Britannia (2). Owners British. Captain Thomas Dennott. 1796- 27 May 1797- 2 Aug 1797. Convict transport. Owner Enderby maybe. Cumpston's Register.

1797: Deptford brig. British. Owner Not given. 1797- 20 Sep 1797. Dec 1797. Goods on speculation, Madras, Coromandel Coast. Cumpston's Register.

1797: HM Reliance (2). RN. Captain Henry Waterhouse RN. 26 June 1797. Storeship to Sydney via CGH. Cumpston's Register.

1797: Nautilus. Owner Sydenham Teast. Captain Charles Bishop. 14 May 1798 - 7 Oct 1798. To VDL, Tahiti, Missionaries, pork, sealing. South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register

1797: Lady Shore. Owner James Willcocks (part or full). Captain James Willcocks. May 1797. Lost by mutiny. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1797:

1/2 July 1798

20 Aug 1798

Whaler

South Whale Fishery

Cumpston's Register.

Year 1798

1798: Hunter (of 1798). Owners, Campbell, Clarke and Co of India. Captain Fern. 10 Jun 1798 - 20 Aug 1798. Speculative trade to NSW. Robert Campbell Snr. Cumpston's Register. (See James Broadbent, Suzanne Rickardand Maergaret Steven, India, China Australia: Trade and Society, 1788-1850. Sydney, Historic Houses Trust of NSW, 2003., p. 68.)

1798: Francis (Reed). Local NSW ship. Sailed by William Reed. 20 Jan 1798 - 20 Jan 1798. To Preservation Island. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Eliza of 1798. Whaler, British. Owner Unknown. 1797 -- 4 July 1798. Whaler. South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Eliza of 1798 (US). Owner Brown and Ives. Captain E. Hill Correy. 1798 to Fiji. Trader. See chronology notes

1798: Diana. Whaler. Owner/Captain. John Lock. 1797 - 20 Aug 1798. Whaler via CGH to South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Cornwall. Whaler, British. Details not given.

1798: Semiramis (of 1798). Owners, Wm. Handy and Jacob Smith. Captain Jacob Smith. Trader, to China from Newport, Rhode Island. From Wace and Lovett.

1798: US ship, Unknown owners, Captain Jacob Smith. 7 Oct 1798 from Sydney - 1 Oct 1798 - 7 Oct 1798 and in 1799. Fishery, to China. From Rhode Island. Cumpston's Register

1798: Norfolk (of 1798).

1798: Pomona. Whaler, British. Owner Unknown. 1797 - 20 Aug 1798. Whaler. South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Nautilus brig. Unknown. Unknown. 7 Oct 1798 from Sydney.

1798: Sally. Whaler, British. Owners Unknown. 1797 - 8 July 1798. Whaler via CGH. South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Britannia (3). Owner unknown or Enderby probably. Whaler. Capain Robert Turnbull. 1797- 18 July 1798 - 7 Oct 1798. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Britannia of 1798. Whaler. Unknown. 7 Oct 1798 from Sydney.

1798: Ann and Hope. Owners Brown and Ives. Captain Benjamin Page. US trader to China. See chronology notes

1798: Argo schooner. Owner Unknown. Captain Unknown. 7 Oct 1798 from Sydney - 7 Jul 1798 - 7 Oct 1798. From Isle of France, speculative trade, liquor, China. Cumpston's Register.

1798: Alert (US), Owner Russell Sturgis, Captain William Bowles, 1798-1799, Sealer, Re J&T Lamb, Sturgis and Ebenezer Preble. She is of Boston. Howay's writings.

1798: -- 1 Oct 1798 - 23 Oct 1798. Trader, Sydney, China. From Providence, Rhode Island. Cumpston's Register, From Wace and Lovett

1798: Indispensable of 1798. British whaler. Capt William Wilkinson. 27 Oct 1798. Whaler. South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register, it is Wilkinson's third visit to Sydney.

1798: Ulysses (US). Owners J. & T. Lamb et al. Capt David Lamb. 1798-1799. Sealing. Lamb and others. Howay's writings, ship from Boston, Capt David Lamb has a mutiny.

1798-1800: David Scott Snr, director of EICo, his son David Scott Jnr, traded 1800-1810 with Robert Campbell at Port Jackson/Sydney.

1798: American T. H. Perkins sends ship Thomas Russell with then-oldest apprentice Ephraim Bumstead as supercargo - he in 1803 becomes the Canton partner for Perkins and Co. while with the Peninsula war, Perkins ships move to Spain and Portugal - funds to Mr Williams in London, then to Mr Higginson, £50,000-£60,000, by him - who married Nancy Cushing.

1792-1798: see May and Thomson, pp. 26ff, Boston capitalists re Old China Trade, there was Thomas Handasyd Perkins of Boston who visited Canton in 1798 and with his brother James set up the Boston firm of J. and T. H. Perkins in 1792; they had three nephews, William Sturgis, John Perkins Cushing and John Murray Forbes. J. R. Cushing (1787-1862) lived and traded in Canton and Macao from 1803, to 1828, and developed a close relationship with leading Hong merchant Houqua II (or, Wu Ping-chien, 1769-1843) investing large funds in international trade; see re John Murray Forbes 1813-1898 who also lived in Canton.

1798: Alert, owned by Russell Sturgis, Capt. William Bowles. See re Russell Sturgis as an opium trader. (Note: See L. Vernon Briggs, History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, 1475-1927. In Two Volumes. Boston, Privately printed, Charles E. Goodspeed and Co., 1927. This man married Elizabeth Perkins, daughter of James Perkins, US fur trader and China merchant, brother of T. H. Perkins qv. Russell Sturgis has a grandson seen by Chaitkin as becoming a chairman of Barings Bank. Nathaniel Russell Sturgis Snr. married Susan Parkman and had twelve children. His eldest son was the most prominent in his generation. Russell Sturgis (he dropped his first name Nathaniel) engaged as prominent in the China trade in 1834 when he joined Russell, Sturgis & Co., an off-spring of a Manila house; his brother Henry Parkman Sturgis and George Robert Russell had formed in 1832. The firm was later acquired by Russell & Co and Russell Sturgis became a partner from 1842-44. In 1851, as he was on his way to Canton again, Russell Sturgis missed a ship and was convinced by his uncle, Joshua Bates (then an American partner of Baring Bros.), to join Baring Brothers. 1798 - RA Swan, Botany Bay, p. 168, not until 1798 with the passing of another Act of Parliament, 38 Geo III c.57, that British whalers were permitted to exploit Australian waters. Finally, late in 1800 they were permitted to carry goods to Sydney under bond for sale to the settlers. (See also R. A. Swan, To Botany Bay: If Policy Warrants the Measure: A Re-Appraisal. Canberra, Roebuck Society, 1973. This last achievement destroyed the EICo's monopoly over the carriage and sale of goods to the NSW settlement, a monopoly that had been granted, together with one for the transport of convicts, by the government in 1792. See HRA Vol. ?, p. 354.

1798: Notably, in 1798, the discovery of Bass Strait between Tasmania (Van Diemens Land) and the Australian mainland allowed further development of sealing. In 1798, George Bass discovered Phillip Island. Early in the year 1798, in London, the whalers Cornwall, Eliza, Sally, Bligh etc., were got together to go to the whale fishery off Sydney. The flotilla was comprised of Sally, Bligh, Cornwall, Swain, Pomona, Clark, Diana, Lock, Britannia and Nautilus. On Nautilus there was probably Capt. Charles Bishop, sailing afresh for Sydenham Teast, South Whaler of Bristol. At that time, 1799, whalers apparently were working around the Pacific Fishery, New Zealand, past Tahiti, about the Philippines (being a source of conflict with Spain) and in South East Asian waters generally. (London whalers once suggested Formosa [Taiwan] be opened to them as a port.) This whaling flotilla was about Sydney during July, 1798.

1798: Early in the year 1798, in London, the whalers Cornwall, Eliza, Sally, Bligh etc., were got together to go to the whale fishery off Sydney. The flotilla was comprised of Sally, Bligh, Cornwall, Swain, Pomona, Clark, Diana, Lock, Britannia and Nautilus. On Nautilus there was probably Capt. Charles Bishop, sailing afresh for Sydenham Teast, South Whaler of Bristol. At that time, 1799, whalers apparently were working around the Pacific Fishery, New Zealand, past Tahiti, about the Philippines (being a source of conflict with Spain) and in South East Asian waters generally. (London whalers once suggested Formosa [Taiwan] be opened to them as a port.) The flotilla was about Sydney during July, 1798.

1798: Item: Between 1785-1798: The US inventor John Fitch began to perfect his design for a steamboat. Rumsey had been similarly experimenting on the Upper Potomac River, Virginia. Rumsey had the backing of such as George Washington, but failed to produce a useful result. Still, by 1790 Rumsey had two boats on regular service between Philadelphia and Trenton, which "must be considered the first commercial use of steamboats". (Note: See K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., p. 68.)

1798, American ship Ulysses, owned J&T Lamb, Capt. David Lamb. (Note: Precis: When James Lamb Senior died 1781, his two sons James and Thomas formed a partnership, From 1779, Thomas Lamb had ships he owned in West India trade, mostly brigs, also had a ships chandler business; in 1806 they have the ship Derby in n/w America trade. J. & T. Lamb became are closely associated with James and T. H. Perkins, from 1791, and in 1791 they own the ship Margaret Capt James Magee which was owned by James Magee, T. H. Perkins and J. & T. Lamb. In 1792 they have ship Sea Otter owned by J. & T. Lamb, William Sturgis and James Magee on the n/w American coast; in 1798 they had the brig Hazard Capt Swift making the largest collection to date of furs on the coast. James and Thomas Lamb, like all n/w America bought their furs cheaply from Indians for mere trinkets and sold as dear as possible. A cargo of furs might fetch a profit of $50,000. Thomas Lamb Snr died 1813, his son Thomas named his ships he owned or part-owned in favour of international trade, as follows, using shipnames such as Cabot, Mosell, Korea, Versailles, Marmora, Switzerland, Napoleon, Sultana. (Note: When James Lamb Snr. died 1781, his two sons James and Thomas formed a partnership, From 1779, Thomas Lamb had ships he owned in West India trade, mostly brigs, also had a ships chandler business; in 1806 they have the ship Derby in n/w America trade.

1798: Providence: Benjamin Page is captain in October 1798, of trader Ann and Hope sail for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then China. And in December 1807 and April 1808, Brown and Ives are owners for trader Eliza, from Providence, Capt. E. Hill Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.

1798: Capt Jacob Smith sails for owners William Handy and Jacob Smith in 10/1798 for trader Semiramis, from Newport, to China, (Churchward 1948.)

In 1798: US Capt. Joseph Ropes of Salem in Recovery became the first US merchant to visit Mocha on the Arabian coast for coffee. He tried again by 1800-1801, successfully. This coffee trade rose to 1805 but then declined due to competition from Brazilian coffee handled by Philadelphia and Baltimore.

1798: Hazard.-See entry for 1797. On the coast in 1798; lost her chief officer and four men, who were drowned in attempting to sound the bar at the mouth of the Columbia River; was at Canton on her homeward voyage in November, 1798; sailed thence about 8 January, 1799, and arrived in Boston, 21 June, 1799, 164 days from Canton. Though Lamb wrote in his MS. Notes on North West Trade, p. 35, "Swift has made the largest collection of skins ever made on the coast" the voyage does not seem to have been markedly successful, for the complete cost, not including the vessel was about $35,000 and the value of the return cargo in China $67,459.29.

1798: US shippers were becoming more interested in routes to China. In October 1798, US Capt. Jacob Smith for owners William Handy and Jacob Smith took the trader Semiramis, from Newport, to China. (Churchward, 1948.)

1798: At Sydney in October 1798 again appeared Benjamin Page as captain of the trader Ann and Hope from Providence for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then China (as noted by Dunbabin 1950 and 1955 and Churchward in 1948.) (And about December 1807-April 1808, Brown and Ives owned the trader Eliza from Providence, Capt. E. Hill Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.)

1798: Perkins sends ship Thomas Russell with a then-oldest apprentice Ephraim Bumstead as supercargo. He in 1803 becomes the Canton partner for Perkins and Co. while with the Peninsula war, Perkins ships moved to Spain and Portugal - funds to Mr Williams in London, then to Mr Higginson, £50,000-£60,000, by him - who married Nancy Cushing.

December 1798: T. H. Perkins re ship Franklin writes to W. Burling and Capt Jas. Devereux to Batavia with $24,000 (hidden) for coffee.

In 1799: Howay lists Eliza a Boston-owned ship for J. and T. H. Perkins Capt James Rowan, with supercargo John Kendrick Jnr., son of Capt John Kendrick.

1798-1800, Howay lists William Sturgis writes on the log of ship Eliza.

1798-1799, Howay lists Alert a Boston ship owned by J&T Lamb, Russell Sturgis and Ebenezer Preble, Capt. William Bowles, to Canton, made a profit of $49,592/86 cents. 1798, Alert, owned by Russell Sturgis, Capt. William Bowles.

Between 1799-1801, from New Bedford; Capt. Andrew Gardner (in March 1799) was on whaler and trader Rebecca, owners not-named, for Sydney thence China. In 1800, Jared Gardner had the sealer Diana from New Bedford for Rodman and Co., to Sydney then China. And about mid-1801 Diana was a sealer/trader from New York, Capt. Jas. McCall - she "passed n./w point of New Holland", to Whampoa, China.

1797: Alert.-An American ship of Boston, owned by J. and T. Lamb, R. Sturgis and associates, commanded by William Bowles. She cleared from Boston in 1797 with a cargo of trading goods for the Northwest Coast, valued at $13,090. Nothing further has been found, regarding this voyage. She was doubtless on the coast in 1798. References: Bancroft's History of the North West Coast (1884), Vol. 1, p. 306; Solid Men of Boston, MS. p. 76.

December 1798: T. H. Perkins re ship Franklin writes to W. Burling and Capt. Jas. Devereux to Batavia with $24,000 (hidden) for coffee.

1798-1800: Howay has William Sturgis writing on log of ship Eliza.

1798: Providence: Benjamin Page is captain in October 1798, of trader Ann and Hope for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then China. (And in December 1807 and April 1808, Brown and Ives are owners for trader Eliza, from Providence, Capt. E. Hill Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.)

1798: Newport: Capt Jacob Smith is for owners William Handy and Jacob Smith in October 1798 on the trader Semiramis, to China.

1798, Howay lists in US fur trade, Richard S. Cleveland.

In 1798 Capt Edmund Fanning, of the ship Betsey sold 100,000 fur skins in Canton, nearly all of which came from Mas-a-Fuera, the main island of the Juan Fernandez Group, in the Pacific Ocean.

1798: Lieutenant William Bainbridge's Retaliation becomes the first and only American naval vessel lost to the French in the Quasi-War - 1798 April 30 -- Congress votes to establish a Department of the Navy; Benjamin Stoddert is appointed as first secretary 1799. East India Marine Society organized by master mariners and supercargoes in Salem, Massachusetts; basis for subsequent Peabody-Essex Museum February 3 -- Captain John Barry leads his United States to victory over the L'Amour de La Patrie, a widely-known French privateer. (This item is from a US timeline website on maritime history.)

1798: Benjamin Page is captain in October 1798, of trader Ann and Hope from Providence, for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then China, noted by Dunbabin 1950 and 1955 and Churchward in 1948a. And in 12/1807 and 4/1808, Brown and Ives are owners for trader Eliza, from Providence, Capt. E. Hill Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.

1798-1799: Another convict ship for Australia - Hillsborough, 764 tons:
Capt. William Hingston. "Fever ship". Departing after 17 November, 1798, on 23 December - Arriving Sydney 26 July 1799. Voyage organised by London Missionary Society (LMS). Noted convict aboard was William Noah.

1798: RN: Matthew Flinders. 1799. Circumnavigate Tasmania.

1798: Norfolk sloop. Local Sydney ship. Captain Unknown. 7 Oct 1798 from Sydney.

1798: Nostra Senora de Bethlehem. Captain William Hingston. Not given. Captured by Cornwall and Kingston whalers. 24 Apr 1799. Trader. Spain. Cumpston's Register

1798: Neptune - American registry; Daniel Greene, master; arrived 12 Aug., 1798, departed 31 Aug., 1798. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1799

1799: -- 8 June 1800- 29 June 1800. With Detachment NSW Corps. Major Foveaux. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Betsey whaler. Not given. Not given. 1799. 13 Feb 1800. Whaler. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Betsy (to San Diego). Owner Unknown. Captain Charles Winship. 1799-1800. Trader. First US ship ever to San Diego in Howay, by Sep-Oct 1800.

1799: Rebecca (of 1799). US whaler. Captain Andrew Gardner. 1798 - 5 Mar 1799. Whaler, trader, sealer, to Bengal. From New Bedford. Rebecca charters Bishop's Nautilus for sealing. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1799: HM Reliance of 1799. RN. Cmdr Henry Waterhouse. 24 October 1799 - 3 Mar 1800. Detachment of NSW Corps, discover Penantipodes Island. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Resource. Owner, W. F. Magee et al. Captain Nathaniel Pearce. 6 Sep 1799 - 14 Sep 1799. Trader from Providence, RI.

Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett

1799: Martha schooner. Owners, Boston and Co. Captain William Reed. 14 Dec 1799. Whaler, sealer. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Hillsborough. British. Captain William Hingston. 17 Nov 1798 - 26 July 1799. October 1799. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Eliza (of 1799). 1799. Owner, Perkins and Co. Captain James Rowan. Trader, supercargo is Jn Kendrick Jr. J. &T. H. Perkins of Boston. Howay's writings, she has supercargo John Kendrick Jnr son of Capt John Kendrick.

1799: El Plumier prize

. Owner, Spanish. Captain, not given. 1799. 2 Dec 1799. Captured by British whalers. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Britannia of 1799. Owners, Saml Anderbury (Enderby?)) and Sons. Captain Robert Turnbull. 3 Nov 1799. Whaler of Bridport. Cumpston's Register

1799: Albion of 1799. Owners, Champions. Captain Eber Bunker. 1798 - 29 Jun 1799. Whaler, storeship for NSW. South Whale Fishery. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Swallow packet. Owner, EICo. Captain John Suard. 8 Dec 1799 - 3 Jan, 3 Jun 1800. Speculative trader. Cumpston's Register.

1799: Walker. Owner, Robert Wigram of London. Capt John Nicol. By 3 Nov 1799. 2 Dec 1799. Storeship. Robert Wigram and Co of London. See Cumpston's Register, p. 9, p. 35.

1799: Thynne. Owner, George Tyler. Capt Owen Terral. 1799-11 Jan 1800. Trader from Calcutta to Sydney. Cumpston's Register.

In 1799: T. H. Perkins deals with D. Dickason of London, wants set of Vancouver's charts re n/w coast of America.

In 1799: Howay lists Eliza a Boston-owned ship for J and T. H. Perkins Capt James Rowan, with supercargo John Kendrick Jnr son of Capt John Kendrick.

1798-1799: Howay lists Alert a Boston ship owned by J. & T. Lamb, Russell Sturgis and Ebenzer Preble, Capt William Bowles, to Canton, profit of $49,592/86 cents.

1798-1799: Howay lists Boston-owned ship Ulysses owned Lamb and others, Capt. David Lamb. Ship suffers mutiny.

1799: Another convict ship for Australia - Minerva, 558 tons: Capt. Joseph Salkeld.
Usually an East Indiaman, owned by Robert Charnock, an associate of the LMS, also of the EICo., assisting the LMS arrange voyages to the Pacific. Departing Cork 24 August 1799 (delayed by outbreak of Irish rebellion) - Arriving Sydney 11 January 1800.

1799: China's emperor, Kia King, bans opium completely, making trade and poppy cultivation illegal - to no avail. (Note: From website based on book: Opium: A History, by Martin Booth. (Simon and Schuster, Ltd., 1996.)

1799, Eliza, owned Perkins and Co., Capt. James Rowan. 5 March, 1799. Rebecca, American whaler charters Bishop on Nautilus to take goods to Norfolk Island, 29 May, 1799, Re Chas Bishop on Nautilus, took her cargo to Norfolk Island, then via explore Gilbert and Marshall Islands to Canton, had tussle with EICO red tape and sell cargo and ship, to sell cargo and ship at Canton, then home to England. with Bass aboard, Roe, pp. 12-13. By August 17, was Bishop at Macao, see re Venus/Bass in Jan 1800. Article, Sydney Morning Herald 19 Nov, 1988, by Robert Osbiston, George Bass in about 1799 went home to England, he became partners with Charles Bishop, bought ship Venus, and planned to sail it to Sydney. Bass married, then sailed, on 1 January, 1801. His first trading voyage a disaster, and he later sailed from PJ on Feb 5, 1803 - to South America, and was never seen again. His fate still remains mysterious.)

(8-9 November, 1799, Saunders Newsletter, London, also re 15 whalers taken by Spanish cruisers off coast of S. America. HRNSW, Vol. 3, p. 741. Reported that early in 1799, the following vessels Sally, Bligh, Cornwall, Swain, Pomona, Clark, Diana, Lock, Britannia, Nautilus left Sydney to be employed in the NSW whale fishery. Arrived there after July. See July 1799. (Note: See Saunders Newsletter [London], 8-9 November, 1799, and HRNSW, Vol. 3, p. 741. NB: mention of Nautilus suggests that Teast had her listed with Lloyd's.)

1799: Dallas' writings, Enderbys proposed to PM Pitt for an expedition against Peru and Chile using Port Jackson, Sydney, as a main base and using convicts as recruits for a landing force. (Note: 1799, November: W. J. Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers in Southern Waters. Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1977. [Angus and Robertson Non-Fiction Classics Edition], p. 17: London was informed that fifteen whalers off the Pacific Coast of South America had been captured by the Spaniards.

1799: American ship Resource, William Fairchild Magee (owner or supercargo?), Capt. Nathaniel Pearce. (Could that be, Pierce?) 1799: Capt Nathaniel Pearce in September 1799 is on trader Resource, from Providence, for owners J. Corlis, William. F. Megee and others, to Sydney then China. (Churchward 1948.)

(Nov.8-9, 1799, Saunders Newsletter, London, also re 15 whalers taken by Spanish cruisers off coast of S. America. HRNSW Vol. 3, p. 741. reported that early in 1799, the following vessels Sally, Bligh, Cornwall, Swain, Pomona, Clark, Diana, Lock, Britannia, Nautilus left Port Jackson [Sydney] to be employed in NSW fishery. Arrived there after July. See July 1799.

In 1799: Dorr and Sons of Boston, had out ship Hancock, Capt Crocker.

In 1799: Howay lists Betsy a Boston brig Capt Charles Winship died 4 December 1800 aged 23, the first US ship to San Diego by Aug-Sept 1800. For 1798-1799, Howay also has Alert a Boston ship owned by J. & T. Lamb, Russell Sturgis and Ebenezer Preble, Capt. William Bowles, to Canton, made a profit of $49,592/86 cents.

1799-1800: Another convict ship for Australia - Speedy, 313 tons: Capt. George Quested. Whaler owned by Enderbys. Arriving Sydney 15 April 1800.

Convict and other ships 1800-1810 to Australia

1800: 7 March: Court of Directors of EICo consider ships to be taken up for EICo service, offered by Mr Mangles, Mr Wilkinson, Hamilton and Co, Mr Wigram, Lyatt and Co.
(Parkinson on the East, p. 142)

Reference item: L. G. Churchward, 'Notes on American whaling activities in Australian waters, 1800-1850', Australian Historical Studies, Vol. 4, No. 13, 1949., pp. 59-63. L. G. Churchward, Australia and America, 1788-1972: An Alternative History. Sydney, Alternative Publishing Co-Op Ltd., 1979.

1799: Caroline or Dragon - American registry, Richard J. Cleveland, master; arrived 19 July, 1799, departed 21 July, 1799. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1799:: Register of Ships gave a higher class to ships built on the Thames. This caused dissatisfaction which led to the establishment of a rival register, the `Red Book`. Register of Ships was known to as the `Green Book`. (This item is from a UK website detailing a Lloyd`s Register timeline from 1760)

Year 1800

1800:: Belle Savage (Sauvage). Owners, Jones and Co. Captain David Ockington. 13 May 1800 at Sydney, 15 Jun 1800. Sealer from Boston. Cumpston's Register. She is a schooner. Later to Rhode Island. From Wace and Lovett, p. 46.

1800: Hunter barque. Owner, Campbell and Co. Captain William Anderson. 13 Feb 1800- 14 Apr 1800. Trader from Calcutta, Java. Rbt Campbell of Sydney. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Royal Admiral (2). Owners Wilson and Gillette. Captain William Wilson. 23 May 1800-20 Nov 1800. Convict transport. Former owner, Thomas Larkinsof Blackheath London. Gillette and Co. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Speedy. Owner, Enderbys. Captain George Quested. 1800 - 1 Jan 1801 - 4 Feb 1801. Whaler about New Holland. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Speedy (2nd voyage). Owner Samuel Enderby. Captain George Quested. 1799 - 15 Apr 1800. Whaler, Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1800: HM Porpoise. RN. Captain William Scott. 6 Nov 1800 - 16 Feb 1801. Convicts, detachment of NSW Corps. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Minerva. Owner, Robert Charnock. Captain Joseph Salkeld. 11 Jan 1800 - April 1800. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Martha schooner or snow. Owner, Unclear. Captain Wiliam Reid. 1800 - 6 March 1800. Oil, sealer. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Margaret of 1801. Owner, Turnbull and Co. Captain John Buyers. 1800 - 7 Feb 1801 - 7 March 1801. General merchandise, to n/w America. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Litteler. Owners Dorr and Sons. Captain Unknown. 1800- 1802. Trader of Boston. In 1800-1802, Capt John Dorr went to Canton.

1800: HM Lady Nelson. RN. Captain Lt John Grant. 16 Dec 1800 - 6 March 1801. First ship to pass through Bass Strait. See notes. Cumpston's Register

1800: John Jay. US Owners, Brown and Ives. Captain Ben. G. Dexter. 21 Sept 1800. Trader to Whampoa, China from Providence RI. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett

1800: Harbinger (brig renamed). Owner Michael Hogan. Captain John Black. 12 Jan 1801 - May 1801. Spec trade, general. Hogan/Black. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Guatimozin. Owners, Theodore Lyman et al. Captain S. Bumstead. 26 Aug 1800 - 1802. Sealer to n/w America, to Canton. Theodore Lyman of Boston. 211 tons, sailed from Boston on 26 Aug 1800 for n/w coast America in company with Atahualpa. Carried home usual teas and silks, home by 7 May 1802 to Boston.

1800: Greenwich. Owner Enderbys. Captain Alexander Law. 1800 (and in 1802 similar). 29 May 1801 - 18 July 1801. Whaling, Miscellaneous. And in 1802. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Globe (Of Boston). Owners T. H. Perkins, J&T Lamb. Captain Bernard Magee. 1801. Trader of Boston. Ship is owned by T. H. Perkins, Lamb and others, Bernard Magee is killed in 1801.

1800: Follensbee. Owners Vernon and Co. Captain Jas. Perry. 1801 to China, England. 31 Jan 1801. Trader from Newport, RI. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1800: Euphemia brig (prize). Owner Hugh Meehan. Captain Hugh Meehan. 14 Feb 1800. Unclear. Renamed Anna Josepha. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Elligood. Owner Unknown. Captain Chr. Dixon. 1800. Whaler to King Georges Sound. From Wace and Lovett.

1800: Diana (of 1800). Owners Rodman and Co. Captain Jared Gardner. 1800 to China. Sealer from New Bedford. From Wace and Lovett.

1800: Despatch (of 1802). Owners Dorr and Sons. Captain Samuel A. Dorr. 1801-1802. Trader to Canton for Dorr and Sons. Capt Samuel A. Dorr dies on Despatch 106 tons, on her fourth voyage to Canton. Howay's writings.

1800: Chance. Owner Michael Hogan. Captain William White. 1800 - 13 April 1801 - 25 April. Privateer, French, a prize. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Catherine (of Boston). Owner J. Coolidge. Captain Bazilla Worth. 1800. Trader of Boston. Howay's writings.

1800: HM Buffalo. of 1800. RN. Captain Lt William Kent. 1799 - 15 April 1800 - 21 October 1800. Stores, animal stock. Gov Hunter embarks on her. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Britannia of 1801. Owners, Enderby whalers. Captain Robert Turnbull. 1800 - 26 March 1801- May 1801. Whaler, general merchandise. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Anne St Luz. owner John Prinsep. Captain James Stewart. 1800 - 20 Feb 1801 - 9 July 1801. Convict transport for Lambert, Prinsep and Saunders. See Bateson, Cumpston's Register.

1800: Trimmer brig. 1800. Owner Alexander Foggo. Capt Alexander Foggo. 18 Dec 1800-10 March 1801. Speculation trade, to Calcutta. Cumpston's Register.

1800: Friendship (1). Owners Mangles Brothers. Captain Hugh Reed. 16 Feb 1800. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1800: Shelton's Accounts, No. 19, Contract taken 29 March, 1800, with Mr Gabriel Gillett in the Royal Admiral. (Note re Scotland, procuring and perusing the documents and writings related to seven convicts sentenced to be transported at the Courts of Justiciary respectively for Perth, Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Ayr.) 426 convicts, Shelton charged £309 plus tuppence, By 1800, Gabriel Gillett, 1 contract (with William Wilson). (See H. E. Maude, Of Islands and Men: Studies in Pacific History. Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1968., p. 185), Royal Admiral II got 400-500 hogs at Tahiti (cites HRA, III: p. 334; p. 432.) 29 March, 1800, re Royal Admiral II, the voyage of Royal Admiral I is detailed in:
E. W. Bovill, 'Some Chronicles of the Larkins Family - The Convict Ship, 1792', Mariner's Mirror,, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1954.
John Pascal Larkins lived at alderman George Macaulay's former residence, Dartmouth Hill House, from 1798. Thomas Larkins was a Blackheath resident.
(Bateson, Convict Ships, variously, on this ship, which was later bought by William Wilson; and Gabriel Gillette of Blackheath. On Gillette, see HRNSW, Vol. 4, p. 469; HRA, Series 1, Vol. 2, pp. 470, 483. Gabriel Gillette is listed in Shelton's Accounts as being the contract taker for Royal Admiral II: Contract No 19, dated 29 March, 1800.)
See also, H. E. Maude, 'In Search of a Home: from the mutiny to Pitcairn Island (1789-1790)', Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 67, 1956., pp. 104-131.

1800: Another convict ship for Australia - Royal Admiral 2, 914 tons: Owned and commanded by Capt. William Wilson, earlier an associate of the LMS, having been nephew and employee of Capt. James Wilson of the first-sailing LMS ship carrying missionaries to Tahiti, Duff. Departing 23 May 1800 - Arriving Sydney 20 November 1800. Regarded as a "fever ship"; surgeon was Samuel Turner, earlier to Tahiti on the first LMS into the Pacific, Duff. William Wilson later became a commercial associate of Sydney merchant, Robert Campbell. Royal Admiral 2 carried eleven missionaries. She had mostly been used by the Larkins family as an East Indiaman, she had been bought from them by William Wilson and his partner Gabriel Gillette, who were recorded as her owners by authorities at Sydney. There is an incorrect legend that when she returned to London she was used as a prison hulk on the Thames, but her name turns up in no listings of such prison hulks.

1800: 1 August, Re whalers Greenwich, Venus, Britannia. Enderbys and Champions wrote to Lord Liverpool that they had established there was a valuable sperm whale fishery on the NSW coast; suggesting that the frequency of visits of whaling ships to there would assist the colony; that exorbitance in the colony might be avoided if whaling ships were used to there; that the Americans were taking advantage of the restrictions they knew the English whalers were bound by.
W. J. Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers in Southern Waters. Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1977. [Angus and Robertson Non-Fiction Classics Edition], p. 15; Margaret Steven, Trade, Tactics and Territory: Britain in the Pacific, 1783-1823. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press, 1983., p. 98.

1800: 28 September, Gov. Hunter relinquishes command at Sydney and hands over to P. G. King. P. G. King at NSW wrote to the Duke of Portland concerning English merchants being satisfied with the prospects of the fishery off NSW; recommending the whalers bring out convicts and stores; noting that the whalers had restrictions. Dakin noted that "it was some years before New South Whales ships could trade between the colony and the East."
Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers, p. 16.

1800: NSW: Gov. King's General Order of 1 October, 1800, forced Sydney's private traders to first apply to the Governor for permission before landing spirits. This struck directly at John Macarthur, one of the largest importers.

1800: November: Delivery of copper coinage to the colony at NSW.

1800: 6 November, William Raven admitted a Younger Brother of Trinity House. Made an Elder Brother in 13 Nov., 1806. Raven had earlier often been about the early NSW colony as a respected mariner, sometimes in partnership with John St Barbe.

1800: 17 November: A despatch dated 17 Nov., 1800, to Gov. King, Sydney, brought by Enderby whaler Greenwich, see May 1801; despatch gave impending proclamation of union between Britain and Ireland to be effective January 1801.

1800: Between the First Fleet and the end of 1800, 43 convict ships had been sent to Sydney, including the wrecked HM Guardian and the hijacked Lady Shore.
Bateson, Convict Ships, p. 170.

By 1800: Some English merchants concerned with East India Company business included: Mangles, Wilkinson, Hamilton and Co. Mangles were contractors who operated in low-key fashion, sending convict service ships regularly from 1800. More successful from 1800 than Prinsep, Mangles can be regarded as having been a force in trade to India, and they also had one family member a director of the East India Company.

1800 poste: India Insurance Co., represented by Hogue, Davidson and Co. of Calcutta. David Scott a director of EICO. Charles Grant a director of EICO. 1800: some merchants concerned with EICo include Mr Mangles, Mr Wilkinson, Hamilton and Co, Mr Wigram, Lyatt and Co.

1800: Lloyd's Green Book, Underwriters. Committee is Angerstein, William Bell, John Bourke, John Campbell, Alexr Champion, George Curling, Charles H. Dubois, William Hamilton. Rbt Hunter, Rbt Pulsford. Edward Vaux. Members include: Angerstein and Rivaz, Thomas Backhouse and Co., Baillie Thornton and Campbell, Leonard Barnard, John Barnes, Thomas Bell and Son, William Borradale, James Boydell, Brown Welbank and Petyt, Richard Buller and Co., John Campbell, A. & B. Champion, George Curling, EICo, Rbt Hamilton, Rt Hon Thomas Harley, Hibbert, Fuhr and Purrier, Rbt Hunter, Yves Hurry and Co., James Inglis, Robert Ingram, J. P. Larkins, Paul Le Mesurier and Haviland. London Assurance Co. William Lushington and Co. Thos Plummer Jnr and Barry. St Barbe Green and Bignell. Smith, St Barbe and Marten, John Shoolbred; Turnbull, Forbes and Co., Brook Watson.

1800: Lloyd's Register (Green Book), Underwriters 1800. 19 June, 1799, Asia Capt. R. Wardlaw for coast and bay built Liverpool in 1798 for R. Charnock, 819 tons. G. Gillette husband sent 6 Nov, 1797 ship Bengal Capt A. Cumine, 818 tons. 8 June, 1798, R. Charnock sent Calcutta Capt W Maxwell, to St Hels and Bengal, 819 tons, and Caledonian, Capt. S. Hawies, China and Bengal. Husband W. Curtis 8 Jan sent ship City of London Capt. A. Green, to Bengal and Bombay, 800 tons. 1 Feb, 1798, J. Duncan sent Earl Spencer, Capt. C. Raitt, 645 tons but not taken up. J. Prinsep on 18 June, 1799 sent Lady Burgess Capt. A Swinton to coast and china, 820 tons. R. Charnock 24 April, 1799 sent Lord Nelson Capt. R. Spottiswood, coast and china, 819 tons. T. Curtis sent Nottingham as usual, but not taken up.

1800: Lloyd's Register 1800, (Red Book). Shipowners. Secretary on 1 Jan, 1800 was Peter Foot. Committee is Norrison Coverdale, Charles Kensington, Robert Curling, Thomas King, Joseph Dowson, William Leighton, Thomas Horncastle, John Lyall, Ives Hurry, J. J. Oddy, Ralph Keddey, William Sims, Thomas Keddey, William Thompson. List of 1800 subscribers includes: Thomas Backhouse, Aston, King and Co., Jonathan Beilby, Robert Bell, Robert Allen Boyd, Jonathan Chapman, John Chapman and Co., N(orrison) Coverdale, Cox and Curling, Robert Curling, James Davies, Thomas Hall, T. Hunter 8 books, Ives Hurry and Co., Thomas Jackson Jnr, James Inglis, Ralph Keddey, Thomas King, Robert Laing, William Leighton, John Lyall, William Martin, Mount and Johnson, Thomas Newnham, J. S. Oddy, Reeve and Green, (John) St Barbe, Green and Co., Robert Wilson.
New Lloyd's Red Book 1799-1800": Subscribers included: Rbt Hunter Jnr, Rbt Grieve, Brown Welbank and Co, The Transport Board, Corporation of Trinity House, George McCall 12 books.

1800: Thomas William Plummer MP died 1817, MP for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 1806-1807, Plummer in 1800 married Elizabeth Margaret Thompson daughter of Thomas Thompson, army agent, of 24 Castle St, Leicester Square, later Thompson and Son, later of Charing Cross Road, the house became Thompson and Fell, India and Australia agents, with whom the Macarthurs of NSW stayed when in London. Partner in West Indies house of Plummer, Barham and Co, London agents for Simeon Lord and Co. of Sydney
Hainsworth, Sydney Traders; Pemberton, London Connection, pp. 126-129.

1800-1801: Reporting "the second vessel to pass through Bass Strait" after Grant traversed it in Lady Nelson was the Harbinger, commanded by John Black; he arrived at Sydney on 11 January, 1801. Black named a group of islands after his employer, Hogan.
Andrew Sharp, Discovery, p. 228.

1800: Holden's Directory referring to 1799 addresses, D. & J. Campbell, Merchants, 3 Robert St, Adelphi; Duncan Campbell, merchant, 3 Robert Street, Adelphi; William Currie Esq, MP, 26 George St, Westminster. Leonard Currie Esq, Bromley. John Currie Esq, Bromley. Isaac Currie private, 35 New Broad Street. Timothy and William (Curtis) and Clarke, (ship's) biscuit makers, 236 Wapping. Alderman William Curtis, merchant and MP, Old South Sea House. Charles, Samuel and George Enderby, Oil Merchants, Paul's Wharf, Upper Thames Street in 1799; Samuel Enderby one of men listed under the heading of the Office of Commercial Commissioners for City of London and its Vicinity at 7 Austin Friars. Charles Enderby at 10 Earle Street, Blackfriars. G. & F. Kinlock, merchants, 6 Dyers Ct, Aldermanbury. Richard Mumford, Tottenham Green in 1799. John Nutt; Merchant, Broad St. Buildings, in 1799; John Nutt, merchant, 33 Old Bethlem. Arthur Shakespear Esq 108 Pall Mall in 1799; William Shakespear private 37 Hart St, Bloomsbury.

1800: Circa: Sydney merchant Robert Campbell informs NSW's Gov. P. G. King he has accepted an agency from the London commercial house of David Scott Jnr and Co., that if that firm sent its whaling ships out he, Robert Campbell would be looking after them; there was mention also of an entry into there sealing industry. [This is a new element in NSW whaling industry information to date]. With Gov. King's permission, Campbell settled as a merchant in Sydney.

1800: After 1800, a new set of names began emerging in convict carriage, as Shelton's Accounts/Contracts show. These names - such as Mangles - reflect East India Company links at a time when the whalers were waning in strength. Nor do Lloyd's records appear to support any conclusion that the market had any particularly strong opinions about the Pacific at all. Lloyd's as a market stayed aloof, and if any underwriter, associated with any specific group of shipping interests, generated business by any method at all, that was his business. This it appears Lloyd's as a market merely looked on with a typically abstract disinterest as the whalers and the East India Company between 1786 and 1810 fought their battle over the right to sail the Pacific. In the battle, the East India Company lost the political and practical battle, and if there was any result there discernible in Lloyd's ship registers, it was that after about 1795, no barrier or prejudice was erected, that prevented any pro-whaler or pro-Pacific merchant, if he had the wherewithal, also sending ships into East India service. (Views of Dan Byrnes here).

1800: Anne 1 (Luz St Anna), 384 tons. Capt. James Stewart. Owned by Prinsep and Saunders. Arriving Sydney 21 February 1801.
Note: 1800: To 1830, one Robert Saunders, probably of Mincing Lane, with partners, was a London-Calcutta indigo dealer; he was probably son of the otherwise-unknown partner, Saunders, of John Prinsep, from about 1800. To 1826, a J. Saunders appears as a wool trader and is listed by Le Coteur as a member of the Van Diemens Land Company; but there is no proof he was connected with the original partner, Saunders, with Prinsep.

Convict and other ships 1800-1810 to Australia

Continued....

Year 1800 (continued)

1800-1802, From Howay, Litteler is a Boston brig owned Dorr and Sons. In 1800-1802, Capt. John Dorr is to Canton.

In 1800: Howay lists a small ship of Theodore Lyman.

1800: Howay lists Catherine of Boston 162 tons owned J. Coolidge, Capt. Bazilla Worth.

By 1800, ships were gathering seal skins from Brazil, South Georgia, Isles de Kerguelen, Crozet Islands, Bass Strait, Tasmania, New Zealand, Galapagos and Patagonia. Some of the skins were taken to China to be sold and the ship's owners then bought cargoes of tea, porcelain and other Chinese goods which were taken to North America and Europe. Other skins were taken to Europe and sold for use as material for hats, coats, waistcoats and boots.

1800: Ship John Jay, owned Brown and Ives, Capt. Benjamin G. Dexter. (By 1800, the American Consul at Canton is Samuel Snow.)

1800++: From websites it is found, from about 1800, the British Levant Co. at Smyrna took steps to buy half the finest opium available and re-sell it to US and Europe. About 1800 seems to coincide with an upsurge in medical sophistication of the use of opium in England and elsewhere in Europe.

1800 - Between 1803-1817, Chinese Hong merchants were in horrifying financial straits partly due to abandonment by their Imperial government, but more so since they had never originally been in a financial condition to begin to handle the volume of business which their European colleagues required to be handled. So they needed massive credit. They existed in a state of chronic difficulty due to lack of their own capital and lack of cash, exorbitant interest rates; their final failures were inevitable. By 1817, the debts of five junior Hong merchants had been liquidated, total balance due, $1,108,664. By 1802-1803, Ponqua said he owed $1,540,000 to various Chinese, also $360,000 to Europeans and $300,000 to his own government for duties. (3) An implication is that Hong insolvencies helped to subsidise tea consumption in Europe and Britain. Note: 1765 - See Om Prakash, 'Opium Monopoly In India and Indonesia in the Eighteenth Century', Indian conomic and Social History Review, 24, 1, 1987., pp. 65-66. Prakash p. 67, asserts the new EICo opium monopoly ought to be regarded as a distinct "innovation" with important consequences. From 1765 the Patna EICo men organised all this more rigourously. The first opium buyers were Indian merchants, other British, the Dutch VOC, till the trade steadied itself, when finally opium was sold at a regular EICo auction at Calcutta, Prakash pp. 66-67 notes that profits of 175-300 per cent were obtained from opium. So, radical alterations set in from 1773. Here, Wallenstein comments, “Economic historians often utilise basic concepts such as supply and demand, of elasticity versus inelasticity of demand, more sophisticated concepts (as with Wallenstein) but the historian of Eighteenth Century economic activity needs to remain particularly aware of the increasing sophistication used by financiers, as in London and Amsterdam, as they spun complicated webs of short and long-term credit around the basic activities of gathering and transporting commodities worth exchanging; when of course, advances on credit might have been made in respect of differential profit margins over different time spans. (Note: Immanuel Wallenstein, 'The Great Expansion: the incorporation of vast new zones into the capitalist world economy (1750-1850)', Studies in History, New Series, Vol. 4, Nos. 1&2, January-December 1988., pp. 85-156. “These credit-webs cannot be quantified usefully, but the intents of their use were often linked to coercing native populations into European definitions of productivity, to harnessing traditional, diversely used croplands to what became regionalised monocultures, thereby disrupting societal patterns. These credit-webs, considered as investment lead-times, were often created so that European merchants could outpace their native merchant competitors. (It is revealing and ironic that since the 1970s, the Japanese have successfully applied this tactic in the US and Australia, using a longer investment lead-time, 30 years, than the supposedly sophisticated US traders can compete with). Treatments of world flows of bullion can also provide useful insights on broader financial issues for the period 1750-1800, but such detail is beyond the scope of this essay. Simultaneously, from the point of view of non-Europeans in India, Asia and the Far East, gross inequities were institutionalised as Capitalism was used to re-organise production and consumption in traditional, often Muslim societies, which had often, by 1500 or so, offered a more satisfying life than any non-Mediterranean European country could offer.” [Ends Wallstein quote]

1799-1800-1801: Re New Bedford USA; Capt Andrew Gardner in March 1799 is on whaler and trader Rebecca, owners not-named, for Sydney thence China. In 1800, Jared Gardner has sealer Diana from New Bedford for Rodman and Co., to Sydney then China and in 7/1801 Diana is sealer/trader from New York Capt Jas. McCall, "passed n./w point of New Holland", to Whampoa, China.

1800-1802: Despatch, Dorr and Sons, Captain Samuel A. Dorr.

1800, Guatamozin, owned Theodore Lyman, Capt. S. Bumstead.

1800: US ship Diane, owned Rodman and Co., Captain Jared Gardner. (Note: The Rodman family was heavily intermarried with the Rotch family of Nantucket whalers. A Rodman woman married a noted engineer helping build the Panama Canal,

1800: Ship Globe, from Boston, owned T. H. Perkins and J&T Lamb, Captain Bernard Magee.

1800-1802: Despatch, Dorr and Sons, Captain Samuel A. Dorr.

1800, John Jay, owned Brown and Ives, Capt. Benjamin G. Dexter. (By 1800, the American Consul at Canton was Samuel Snow.)

1800: Howay lists, Guatimozin ex-Boston 211 tons owned Thedore Lyman and others, Capt. S. Bumstead to Canton.

1800: This item is from Howay - GUATIMOZIN.-"A new and handsome ship" of Boston, 211 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and others. Commander, S. Bumstead. She sailed from Boston on August 26, 1800, for the Northwest Coast in company with the Atahualpa, with a cargo invoiced at $18,036. She was met on June 28, 1801, trading on the coast. In the autumn she left for Boston, by way of China and arrived in Canton, November 19, 1801. She sailed thence on 2 January, 1802, with the usual cargo of teas, silks, etc., and returned to Boston, 7 May, 1802, 120 days from Canton.

1800, US ship Diana Capt Obed Barnard ex-Boston is owned by Stephen Higginson and J. & T. H. Perkins, carried US goods represented as Spanish property.

1800: Howay lists, Guatimozin ex-Boston 211 tons owned Thedore Lyman and others Capt. S. Bumstead to Canton.

Circa 1800: GUATIMOZIN. - The second voyage of this American ship, 211 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and others of Boston, and commanded by S. Bumstead. For her first voyage, see the Howay entry for 1801. Returning to Boston in May, 1802, she cleared in the following July for the Northwest Coast. She was spoken in November, 118 days later en route to the coast. The Guatimozin traded there in 1803 and 1804, and was met there on 1st September, 1803. Soon afterwards she appears to have left for China; she was seen, 2 November, 1803, in the river bound upward to Canton.

1800: Catherine (of Boston), owned J. Coolidge, Capt. Bazilla Worth.

In 1800, New York merchant fur trader John Jacob Astor made a profit of $55,000 on an experimental fur shipment to Canton. He soon tries a scheme to dominate the fur trade of North America and sales to Canton. He decided he could with his American Fur Co., undercut the British EICo at Canton (which buys from Hudson's Bay Co.) by keeping a shipping point on American west coast which takes furs from Rocky Mountains. So Capt. Jonathan Thorn on Tonquin went to establish a post, Astoria, at mouth of Columbia River in 1811. The 1812 US-British war collapsed the plan and Astor had to sell his operations to the Northwest Fur Company of Montreal.

Circa 1800: JJ Astor kept in the China trade dealing in "a new cargo", (sandalwood supplies from India, Java, Timor and Malabar were becoming depleted), sandalwood, as in 1791, the Bostonian Capt. John Kendrick had discovered sandalwood growing on Hawaii's island of Kauai. Other Bostonians became interested.

Circa 1800: Pegasus. - An American ship of New York, commanded by Otis Liscomb. According to E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels she sailed for the Northwest Coast in 1800, but was seized by the Spaniards at Coquimbo, on 2 January, 1801, and charged with illegal trading -- an accusation that was probably true, in view of her having a cargo valued at $150,000, five or six times as much as the usual venture to the Northwest Coast.

1800: (See Hao, pp. 22ff.) By 1800, no nation but Britain had more ships in Chinese water than the US. Between about 1803-1807 the US had about annually 36 ships to China. By 1805, Hao, p. 22, the US shippers had realised they had no choice but to export specie (silver) to China for use there, US at the time being short of specie, and they had to find Spanish dollars to give the Chinese, so they developed trades with Europe and South America to find Spanish Dollars, and the Americans had no banking facilities to use in China, except what they could provide themselves. Gradually the Americans were forced to use London-based banking facilities, since London-based bills were more acceptable to both Chinese and British.

By 1800: The British Levant Company purchased nearly half of all of the opium coming out of Smyrna, Turkey, strictly for importation to Europe and the United States. (From website based on book: Opium: A History, by Martin Booth, Simon & Schuster, Ltd., 1996. About this time, the [purely?] medical use of opium is rising in European countries.)

1800: Capt. David Ockington, in 5-6/1800 has schooner/sealer Belle Sauvage/Savage from Boston for Jones and Co., to Sydney then Rhode Island, see HRA, 1(2): 572.

1800, American ship Diana Capt Obed Barnard ex-Boston is owned by Stephen Higginson and J. & T. H. Perkins, carried US goods represented as Spanish property.

1799-1800-1801: New Bedford; Capt Andrew Gardner in March 1799 is on whaler and trader Rebecca, owners not named, for Sydney thence China.

In 1800: Jared Gardner has sealer Diana from New Bedford for Rodman and Co., to Sydney then China and in 7/1801 Diana is sealer/trader from New York Capt Jas. McCall, "passed n./w point of New Holland", to Whampoa, China.

1800, Globe, from Boston, owned T. H. Perkins and J&T Lamb. Captain Bernard Magee.

In 1800: New York merchant fur trader John Jacob Astor (fix dates) made a profit of $55,000 on an experimental fur shipment to Canton. He soon tries a scheme to dominate the fur trade of North America and sales to Canton. He decided he could with his American Fur Co., undercut the British EICo at Canton (which buys from Hudson's Bay Co.) by keeping a shipping point on American west coast which takes furs from Rocky Mountains. So Capt. Jonathan Thorn on Tonquin went to establish a post, Astoria, at mouth of Columbia River in 1811. The 1812 US-British war collapsed the plan and Astor had to sell his operations to the Northwest Fur Company of Montreal. Astor kept in the China trade dealing in "a new cargo", (sandalwood supplies from India, Java, Timor and Malabar were becoming depleted), sandalwood, as in 1791, the Bostonian Capt. John Kendrick had discovered sandalwood growing on Hawaii's island of Kauai. Other Bostonians became interested. (Note : K. Jack Bauer, A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America's Seas and Waterways. University of South Carolina Press, 1988., pp. 56-57.

1800: Betsy - British registry; arrived 21 Oct., 1800, departed 28 Oct., 1800. This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1801

1801: Hunter barque of 1801. Owner, Campbell and Co. Captain William Anderson. 30 Aug 1801 - 15 Oct, 15 Nov 1801. General merchandise. Cumpston's Register.

1801: Caroline US schooner. Owner, Swain and Co. Captain S. Tuckerman. Sydney Jan 1801, March 1802. Trader from Boston. From Wace and Lovett, p. 49.

1801: Earl Cornwallis. Owners Hogan or Wilson. Captain James Tennant. 10 June 1801 - 4 October 1801. Convict transport. Wilson, Tennant and Co. Cumpston's Register. She goes to Bengal.

1801: Harrington brig. Owner Chace and Co. Captain William Campbell. 1801 as sealer. 12 Jun 1801 - 2 Sep 1801. Sealing, General from Calcutta. Calcutta. Cumpston's Register. And same about 24 Jan 1802.

1801: Naturaliste. French navy. Captain Louis-Claude de Freycinet. Exploration.

1801: Minorca. Owner British, F. & T. Hurry. Captain John Leith. Convict transport. Owners from Cumpston's Register.

1801: Missouri (US). Owners Willing(s) and Co. Captain William Vickery. 2 May 1801 - 19 June 1801. Trader to China. From Philadelphia. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett

1801: Margaret of 1802. Owners Turnbull and Co. Captain John Buyers/Byers. 18 Feb 1802 - 5 June 1802. Sealing to coast of Peru. Cumpston's Register.

1801: La Fortune. Owners Hamilton and Co, London. Captain Sinclair Halcrow. 1801. Prize to Ruby, tobacco. Cumpston's Register

1801: Geographe. French Navy. Captain Thomas Nicholas Baudin. 1802. Exploration. Also with ship Naturaliste.

1801: Nautilus of 1801. Captain Charles Bishop for R. Simpson, Rt. Berry. 8 Sep 1801 - 6 May 1802. From Calcutta, general merchandise. Cumpston's Register.

1801: Harriot whaler. Owners T. &J. Mather. Captain Samuel Chace. 10 July 1801 - 20 Aug 1801. Whaler, general nerchandise. Similar in 1802. Cumpston's Register.

1801: Caroline (of 1801). Owners Russel Sturgis, J&T Lamb et al. Captain Charles Derby. Trader of Boston. Is Boston based, 150 tons, owned by Russell Sturgis, Ebenezer Preble and Capt Charles Derby (Is he son of Elis Kaskett Derby?). Howay's writings).

1801: General Boyd. Owners Watson and Co. Captain George Hales. 18 Jun 1801 - 25 July 1801. Whaler. Cumpston's Register

1801: HM Investigator. RN. Captain Matthew Flinders. 1802. Exploration, mapping coastlines of Australia.

1801: Hope (of 1801). Owners Duggell and Co. (Little known.) Captain Nathaniel Ray. 1799 as sealer. 2 Nov 1801 - 15 Nov 1801. Sealer, trader from New Haven. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1801: Canada (1). Owners F&T Hurry or Reeve and Green. Captain William Wilkinson. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1801: Anna Josepha brig (2). Owners, Lord and Co. Captain Hugh Meehan. 1801 - 29 May 1801 - 18 July 1801. Whaler, Miscell. Simeon Lord. Cumpston's Register.

1801: HM Bomb. RN. Captain Peter Heywood. 1801. Exploration. Visited Australian Kimberley coast from Amboina.

1801: Ann (of 1801). Owners F. Todrig and T. Duel. Captain Peter Kemp. 1801. Whaling, taken prize 1801. Todrigs. AGE Jones unclear if she was taken or is taken as prize. F. Todrig and T. Duel of Assembly Row, master mariners, in AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 195.

1801: Caroline (of 1802). Owners Swain and Co. Captain S. Tuckerman. 22 Dec 1801- 29 March 1802. Schooner, trader from Boston, to New Bedford. Cumpston's Register.

1801: Nile. Owners F&T Hurry or Reeve and Green. Capt Jas. Sunter. 14 Dec 1801. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register re owners.

1801: Active (whaler2), Owner Daniel Bennett of Blackheath, London, Capt John Dunn. Taken by French. Whaling. See AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 193.

1801: Albion, Owners Champions. Captain Eber Bunker. 1798 from Deptford, 26 Aug 1801, Whaler, see Cumpston's Register.

1801: Venus brig. Owners, Bass (the explorer), Bishop and Co. Capt Charles Bishop. 20 Aug 1801-23 Nov 1801. General merchandise. For Creighton, Bass and Bishop. Cumpston's Register. She is again about Sydney 4 Nov 1802, re Creighton and Co, Bengal-London, and re Chaarles Bishop.

1801: Venus whaler. Owners, Champions. Capt B. Gardner. 16 Sep 1801-3 Oct 1801. Whaler. Similar by March 1803. Cumpston's Register.

1801: Howay lists, Capt Bernard Magee is killed October 1801 on Boston ship Globe 245 tons, owned by T. H. Perkins, Lamb and others.

1801: Howay lists, 1801, Caroline, US-Boston 150 tons owned J&T Lamb, Russell Sturgis, Ebenezer Preble and has master Charles Derby. In 1802 Capt. William Sturgis on Caroline 1801 to Canton, net proceeds, $72,034 and 32 cents. September 1802, Capt Derby died at Honolulu.

1801: Capt James Perry in 1/1801 is captain on trader Follensbe from Newport, for Vernon and Co., to Sydney, thence China.

1801-1802: Swain and Co. in 12/01 - 3/02 have trader/schooner Caroline from Boston Capt S. Tuckerman, to Sydney to New Bedford.

1801: Willings and Co. in 1801 from Philadelphia send out trader Missouri, Capt. William Vickery, to Sydney and China. (See HRA, 1 (3), pp. 128-130.)

1801: Caroline, owned Russell Sturgis, Capt. Charles Derby

1801: Notes on Levant Co. merchants of 1801: They also get cotton from Smyrna as port.

(7 March, 1801, Brig Margaret Capt. Byers, owned Turnbull and Co. with Byers, departed Sydney in ballast for n/w America, to seek a cargo of furs, with sundries for n/w coast of America.) (Note: HRNSW, Vol. 4, p. 471.

1801: Howay lists Caroline, US-Boston 150 tons owned J&T Lamb, Russell Sturgis, Ebenezer Preble, with master Charles Derby. In 1802 Capt. William Sturgis on Caroline 1801 to Canton, net proceeds, $72,034 and 32 cents. Sept 1802, Capt Derby died at Honolulu.

1801: New Haven: Duggell and Co., in 1801, Capt Nathaniel Ray is on trader/sealer Hope, from New Haven, for Duggell and Co., to Sydney then China. There is also a US ship Hope (maybe not the same one?) a trader/sealer from New York, of 1799, Capt Reuben Bromley, for Fanning and Co., to King George Sound then Sydney to Fiji, in -3/1807.

1801: Newport: Capt James Perry in January 1801 is captain on trader Follensbe for Vernon and Co., to Sydney, thence China.

1801: Canda, Minorca, Nile, owned/managed by Reeve and Green, who are almost impossible to trace despite often being linked to John St Barbe in matters of the use of convict shipping..

1801: Convict ship Canada I, 393 tons, built Shields in 1800, Capt Wm Wilkinson, surgeon John Kelly. Departing Spithead 21 June 1801 via Rio 176 days to arrive Sydney 14 December, 1810, possibly maiden voyage, possibly owned by Hurry and Co. (a whaling firm, see below re settling of Hobart) and later sold to Reeve and Green (asociates of St Barbe), and re-entered in convict service thus in 1810.

1801: George Bass's trading ship Venus was at Sydney on 29 August 1801. Bass' London agent was Sykes, naval agent for most naval officers at Port Jackson.

1801: 25 September 1801, George Shee at Whitehall to Transport Board re idea that South whalers will be (regularly) employed as convict transports - an idea which did not eventuate.
Historical Records of NSW, Vol. 4, p. 523.

1801: Whalers begin to frequent coast of New Zealand (Bay of Islands). A trade begins between NSW, New Zealand and the South Sea Islands. Dakin suggests Norfolk Island is a useful sperm whale ground. Lord Pelham has suggestions, unsuccessful, that whalers carry out convicts to Australia.
Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers, pp. 19-23; Dallas, Trading Posts or Penal Colonies, p. 86.)

1801: 4 October, 1801, from Sydney sails convict transport Earl Cornwallis for Bengal, with first shipment of Newcastle coal.
Historical Records of Australia I, Vol. II.

1801: John Palmer becomes brother-in-law of Sydney trader Robert Campbell as Campbell marries John's sister, Sophia.
Hainsworth, Builders, pp. 86ff. Gillen, Founders, p. 547.)
Item of 23 March 2002: A new book is coming out on Palmer and Co. of India, operating before and after 1800: For those with an interest in the trading house of Palmer & Company (a PDF file): http://www.edgehill.ac.uk/newsevents/edgeways/archive/issue4/pdf/prince.pdf

1801-1824: A long-time Macarthur contact is W. S. Clarke, former master of East Indiaman Wexford, and by 1824 an EICo Director. He met John Macarthur Snr and Jnr at Ambon in 1801. This Clarke from 1824 becomes an investor in Australian Agricultural Co.
Pemberton, London Connection, p. 52.)

Circa 1801: US ship CAROLINE. - See entry for 1801. She traded on the coast again in 1802 under William Sturgis; and the seas on being ended took the usual route homeward. Her Captain Derby died in Honolulu in September, 1802. Arriving in Canton on September 30, 1802. She reached Boston on 24 March, 1803, 115 days from Canton. The net proceeds of her voyage were $73,034.32.

1801: Joseph Somes has three vessels in South Whaler Fishery but by 1801 was getting out as it did not pay. Somes later took contracts to send many convict transports to Australia. (Jackson, Whale, p. 141.)

1801: London sends 60 vessels into its whale fishery, Bristol sends 1, Yarmouth 1. 1801: Charnock, (See Parkinson on the East, p. 188.) lists some chief managing owners of EICo shipping, as Robert Charnock, William Fraser, Robert Wigram and John Woolmore. (From A. G. E. Jones, whaling historian, various writings):

1801: Hugh Inglis an EICo director wites to to Sir Joseph Banks re hemp supplies.

1801-1802: Convict ship Coromandel 1, owned Reeve and Green or Brown, Welbank and Petyt. Arriving Sydney 13 June, 1802.

1801-1802: Hercules 1, Probably owned by John St Barbe. Arriving Sydney 26 June 1802.

1801-1802: Convict shop Atlas 1, (I), Arriving Sydney 7 July 1802.

Year 1801

1801: Coromandel (1). Owners Reeve and Green. Captain Alex Sterling. 13 June 1802- 22 July 1802. Convict transport. Via China. Cumpston's Register.

1801: Cumberland of 1801. Local Sydney ship. Captain Not given. 26 May 1801 launched. Cumpston's Register. In late 1802 she is sailed by J. Rushworth.

1801: Diana (of 1801). Owners Unknown. Captain Jas. McCall. 1801 to China. Sealer, trader. New York. From Wace and Lovett.

1801: Diana. Owners Notknown, US. Captain Jas. McCall. 1801 off n/w Australia. 1801 to China. Sealer trader.

1801: Perseverance - American registry; Masa Delano, master; arrived December 10, 1801, departed December 20, 1801. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1801: On Charnock earlier, Parkinson on the East (p. 188) has the chief managing owners of EICO shipping, as Robert Charnock, William Fraser, Robert Wigram and J Woolmore.

Year 1802

1802: General Boyd of 1802. Owner Watson and Co. Captain Owen Bunker. 1801. 26 June 1802 - 10 Aug 1802. Whaler. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Fanny of 1802. Owner Harris and Smith, Captain E. Smith. 9 July 1802. 7 Nov 1802. To Batavia, trader. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Duff. Owners, London Missionary Society. Captain William Wilson. 12 Feb 1802. 1802. Missionaries to Tahiti. (See also, Byrnes, in a chapter of The Blackheath Connection.)

1802: Duke of Portland (of 1802). Owners Unknown. Captain Lovat Mellon. 1802. Trader from Boston. From Wace and Lovett.

1802: Surprise schooner wrecked. Owners Not given. Captain Alexr Le Corre. 9 Sep 1802 - 4 Oct 1802. Merchandise, sealing, China, wrecked in Bass Strait. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Lady Nelson (of 1802). RN. Captain John Murray. 1802. Exploration. Surveys Bass Strait area.

1802: Endeavour schooner of 1802. Owners Not given. Captain J. Oliphant. Nov 1802. Sealer. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Hercules. Owners John St Barbe or Rbt Brooks. Captain Luckyn Betts. 26 June 1802 - 12 Aug 1802. Convict transport. Simn Semple. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Fly of 1802. Owners, EICo. Captain Turner. 1 Jan 1802 - 6 Feb 1802. From Bombay, EICo cruiser. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Caledonia whaler of 1802. Owner Daniel Bennett. Captain John Page. 1802. Whaling.

1802: About 1802, AGE Jones writing in 1968 on Bennet -- Daniel Bennet bought from Mr Bush the oil wharf by the King's Mill, Rotherhithe, there he had, Jones writes, for another forty years or more, by the entrance to the Grand Surrey Canal, warehouses, a cooperage, sheds, a dwelling house, cottage and gardens. In 1806 he was assured at 220 pounds for land tax. Today it is site for a ballast merchant's yard. He moved to Blackheath, where there is still a road called Bennet Park, then one of the best residential districts south of the river, convenient to his works. Bennet's wife Elizabeth. In 1818 he moved out of London, as less active in business, he died in 1826. His son William (d 1844) was bequeathed the Blackheath and Rotherhithe Estates and a house at West Cowes. sums etc amounting to 13,000 pounds. AGE Jones in Appendix IV gives following list of Daniel Bennett's whalers out: 1787, Lively 240 tons to Trinidad, 1790-1792, the Lord Hawkesbury 229 tons on Guinea Coast, 1794, Lord Hawkesbury to Walvis Bay, 1794, the Lively to Brazil, 1794, the Kingston 293 tons to Brazils, 1796 the Indispensable 351 tons to NSW, 1797 the Sally to Brazil, 1797, the Fanny 242 tons, captured, 1797, Young William, South Georgia, 1799, Diana 230 tons to Falklands Islands, 1800 the Betsy 326 tons to Port Jackson, 1801 the Diana to Delagon Bay, 1801 Indispensable to Walvis Bay, 1801 the Flirt 189 tons to Walvis bay, 1801 the Favourite 323 tons to Walvis Bay, 1801 the Caledonia 250 tons to Walvis Bay, 1803 the Sally to Walvis Bay, 1804, the Betsy 230 tons to Kergeluen, 1804, the Ferrett 207 tons to NSW and Norfolk Island, 1805 the Indispensable to Peru, 1805 the Kingston to Kergeluen, 1805, the Active 400 tons to Kergeluen, 1805 the Ferrett to New Zealand, 1807 the Young William to NSW, 1807, the Indispensable to New Zealand. 1808, the New Zealander 258 tons to New Zealand, 1810, Indispensable to Norfolk Island.

1802: Castle of Good Hope. Owners Not given. Captain A. McAskill. 1802- 12 Feb 1803. Livestock import to NSW from Calcutta. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Casuarina. French navy. Captain Lt Louis de Freycinet. 17 Nov 1802. Exploration, Bass Strait. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Caroline (of 1802, Boston). Owners Russell Sturgis, J. &T. Lamb and others. Captain William Sturgis. 1802. Sealer of Boston. Proceeds of sale is more than $72,000.

1802: Alexander of 1802. Owner John Locke, maybe. Captain James Norman. 16 Oct 1802 - 3 Jan 1803. Prisoners. Cumpston's Register. Does she appear in other records?

1802: Atlas (Brooks). Owners Messrs Clays. Captain Richard Brooks. 1801 - 6 July 1802 - 7 Oct 1802. Convict transport. Bateson. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Atlas (Musgrave). Owners Beatson and Co. Catain Thomas Musgrave. 30 Oct 1802 - >3-8 Jan 1803. Convict transport.

Bateson. Extra from Cumpston's Register.

1802: Arthur (US snow or brig). Owners Brown and Ives. Captain Scott Jenckes. 1802, Sydney, to China. 22 July 1802. Trader from Providence, RI. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett, p. 45.

1802: Arthur (US-1) snow or brig. Owners Brown and Ives. Captain Henry Barber. 1793? 1794-1796 at Sydney. Trader, Sydney, Bengal, from Providence, RI. Cumpston's Register.

1802: Arthur (US-2). Owners Brown and Ives. Captain Scott Jenckes. 1801? 1802 at Sydney, to China. Trader, wrecked off Hawaii, from Providence, RI. From Wace and Lovett, p. 45.

1802: Perseus of 1802. Owners Reeve and Green. Capt John Davison. 12 Feb 1802. 4 Aug 1802. 7 Oct 1802. Convict transport,later to China. Cumpston's Register.

1801-1802 dies Capt. Samuel A. Dorr in 1800 sails for Dorr and Sons, on Despatch, 106 tons, on her fourth voyage to Canton.

1801-1802: Swain and Co. in 12/01 - 3/02 have trader/schooner Caroline from Boston Capt S. Tuckerman, to Sydney to New Bedford;

1802: US Capt. Lovat Mellon is on trader Duke of Portland, from Boston, owners not-named, in 1802, for Norfolk Island and Tongabatu; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1802: British Southern whaler General Boyd, Capt. Owen Bunker, owned by Watson and Co. See Australian Encyclopaedia, Whales, p. 275. See also 14 February, 1805.)

1802: Arthur, US snow, owned by Brown and Ives, Capt. Henry Bate (?) Alternatively, 1802, Arthur, owned by Brown and Ives, Capt. Scott Jenckes.

1802: Lloyd''s Green Book - Register. Usual names include: George Curling, NO; W, Curtis, EICo; George Forbes; Turnbull Forbes and Co.; Rt Hon Thomas Harley; J. P. Larkins; Plummer; Barry and Upham; St Barbe, Green and Bignell; John Shoolbred (Africa Co.); Smith; St Barbe, and Marten; Thorntons; New 1802 Green members included: Benjamin Bunn Jnr; Campbell and Geddes; and Thos Powditch.

1802: Perseus, owned Reeve and Green or Brown, Welbank and Petyt (once owners of Bethia which became HM Bounty). Arriving Sydney 4 August, 1802.

1802: March: Peace of Amiens, ending war between Britain and France. Britain retains Ceylon. Cape of Good Hope retained by Dutch.

1802: Convict ship Atlas 2. Arriving Sydney 30 October, 1802.

1802: Sir Robert Wigram ... had started life as surgeon's mate in the EICo's service etc. Twice a surgeon on ships. The next stage in his career was the opening of a small shop for the supply of drugs to ships, and by buying shares in Indiamen he laid the foundation for a fortune, which when Farrington writes of him in 1809 was "thought to be more than half a million". He owned most of the shares in Meux's brewery (UK) and was head of a great agency in Crosby Square, Bishopgate. Three fourths of the shares in the Blackwall Docks of London were also his, acquired about the year 1802 from William Wells, a retired" Company's captain" and his brother. Here, Wigram built the numerous Indiamen which he chartered to the Company, and which were the forerunner of the celebrated 'Money Wigram clippers".
From "East Indiamen" by Sir Evan Cotton and edited by Sir Charles Fawcett.)

Reference item 1802: Rhys Richards, `The Cruise of the Kingston and the Elligood in 1800 and the Wreck Found on King Island in 1802', The Great Circle, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1991., pp. 35-53. (Note 28).

1802-1803: HMS Glatton, arriving Sydney 11 March, 1803.

1802-1803: Rolla, arriving Sydney 12 May, 1803.

1802: Atahualpa - Boston registry; Capt. Wildes, master; arrived Aug. 5, 1802, departed Nov. 4, 1802. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1802: Margaret - British registry; John Buyers, master; arrived Dec 17, 1802, departed Jan. 21, 1803. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1802: Ann - American registry; arrived Dec. 25, 1802, departed Dec. 28, 1802. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1802:: Sn whaler General Boyd, Capt. Owen Bunker, owned by Watson and Co. See Austn Encyclopaedia, Whales, p. 275. See also Feb. 14, 1805.

Year 1803

1803: Betsy of 1803. Owners, McTaggart and Co. Captain R. Eastwick. From Calcutta in 1803. 24 December 1803. 20 April 1804. General merchandise, get coal and timber. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Hazard (US brig). Owners, Perkins and Co. Benjamin Swift. 1803-1804. Trader. Re Perkins et al

1803: Harrington of 1804. Owners Chace and Co. Captain William Campbell. 1803- 9 Jan 1804. May 1804. Merchandise, sugar, rum, arrack. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Dart brig. Owner, J. M'Kenzie. Captain D. McLennan. 29 Sep 1803 - 24 Oct 1803. Sealer. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Rolla. Owners, Messrs Brown. Captain Robert Cumming. 12 May 1803. Convict transport, timber, seals. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Nautilus renamed L'Enfant d'Adele. Owner, Berry, Simpson and R. Coutance, Merle and Co. Captain James Black. Little known. Logs, cedar. Cumpston's Register.

1803: O'Cain (of 1803). Owners, Winships (US). Captain Notknown. Trader. Abiel & Jonathan Winship. From New York in 1803.

1803: Mary or Mary Ann. Owner, Boardman and Co. Captain Samuel Balch. 1803 - 24 Jan 1804 - 12 Feb 1804. General merchandise, to Manila. US owners. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Scorpion whaler. Owner, Mathers and Co. Captain William Dagg. 1803 - 10 May 1804 - 5 May 1804. Whaler/sealer. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Rambler (of 1803). Owner, Perkins and Co. Captain Bowditch. 1803-1804. Trader to Canton. T. H. Perkins to Samuel Snow at Canton on this vyage.

1803: Ocean of 1803. Owners, Hurry and Co. Captain John Mertho. 24 Nov 1803 from Newcastle, UK. Whaling. Cumpston's Register has her again in Sydney Capt Mertho for 24 Aug 1804 to 7 October 1804.

1803: Calcutta (of 1803). RN. Captain Dan Woodriff RN. 26 Dec 1803 - 16 March 1804. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Cato of 1803. Owners, Reeve and Green of London. Captain John Park. 9 April 1803. Timber, trader, lost at sea. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Charles. US-owned. Captain Unknown. Sealing in Bass Strait in 1803. Or, 1803: Charles (of 1803). Owner, Dorr and Co? Captain Isaac Percival. Sealer, Bass Strait. Boston. From Wace and Lovett.

1803: Bee colonial vessel. Local Sydney ship. Owner Not given. 16 Dec 1803 - 18 Dec 1803. 16 Dec 1803. Gather lime at Broken Bay. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1803: Bridgewater of 1803. Owners, Princes and Co. (Prinsep?) Captain E. H. Palmer. 1802 - 12 Mar 1803. May, 10 Aug 1803. Oak timber, to China. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Britannia of 1804. Owner Enderbys. Captain George Quested. 1803. 13 May 1804. Whaler, some merchandise. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Albion of 1803, Owner Champions, Captain Eber Bunker. 6 July 1803, 30 Aug 1803, Whaler, Cumpston's Register. She is again at Sydney with Eber Bunker on 4-21 August

1803: Alexander of 1803. Owners Hurrys. Captain Robert Rhodes. 1802 - June 1803 - 19 Sep 1803. Whaler, pork to Norfolk Island. Cumpston's Register has her in Sydney again 14 Dec 1804 to 27 Feb 1805. See re Jorgen Lorgenson aboard her, later. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Independence schooner. Owner, Fanning and Co. O. F. Smith et al. 1803 - 1805. Sealer, lost Pentantipodes. New York, built Kangaroo Island. Cumpston's Register has her again at Sydney Capt O. F. Smith or J. Townsend, or Master Wilkinson, arrives 28 June leaaving 29 August, sealing in Bass Strait and to China. From Wace and Lovett

1803: Wertha Ann. US Owners, Lawrence and Co. Capt Gibbs West. Trader to n/w America and Canton. New York. From Wace and Lovett

1803: Patterson. US Owners Munro or Lawrence and Co. Capt J. Aborn. 24 Nov 1803. Sealer, trader. Providence, Rhode Island. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett

1803: Union. US-owned. Captin Unknown. Sealing with Charles in Bass Strait by 1803.

1803: Union (of 1803). Owners, Americans, Fanning and Co. Capt Isaac Pendleton. 1803-1804. 19 Jan 1804. Sealer, wrecked Fiji. From New York. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

Circa 1803: this item is from Howay - GUATIMOZIN. - "A new and handsome ship" of Boston, 211 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and others. Commander, S. Bumstead. She sailed from Boston on August 26, 1800, for the Northwest Coast in company with the Atahualpa, with a cargo invoiced at $18,036. She was met on June 28, 1801, trading on the coast. In the autumn she left for Boston, by way of China and arrived in Canton, November 19, 1801. She sailed thence on January 2, 1802, with the usual cargo of teas, silks, etc., and returned to Boston, 7 May, 1802, 120 days from Canton.

Fairbank in introduction says the Old China Trade to the time of American Civil War was both exotic and llucrative, and in China trade, US often got in ahead of British, trade with China as part of the western moving American "manifest destiny" under the invisible hand of divine providence. the US trade began under the same compulsions that pressured Britain into the opium trade, how to lay down funds at Canton with which to buy China teas and silks. Early traders were "reduced to loading ice from Boston's lakes", or sandalwood from Hawaii. or shipping ginseng root from New England, or selling sea-otter pelts and furs from the north-west coast. Here, oddly enough regarding the rise of US Manifest Destiny, this coincided roughly with the period 1800-1810 when Protestant Evangelical Christianity in Britain became more "muscular", and more racist in its effects in India, etc, a complicated ideological trend culminating in the British fantasy of the tribulations of "the white man's burden".

Hao goes on in his essay, till 1775-1776, American relied on England for their tea, some mention of smuggled Dutch tea, after the Am Rev, US had idle ships, in December 1783 p. 12, New England traders tried to initiate direct trade with China by sending ship Harriet, a Boston sloop of 55 tons, to Canton with ginseng, at CGH the American captain found the British traders who were alarmed at an American incursion and who bought his entire cargo for twice its price in tea.

1803-1804: TJ Perkins firm to Samuel Snow at Canton re Capt Bowditch of Rambler, sugar and teas.

From July 1803, Perkins are to receive 6 per cent interest of $20,000 of capital for Ephraim Bumstead and Co. operated at Canton by Ephraim Bumstead who went to China in Zenobia in 1803 and John Perkins Cushing is Bumstead's clerk. Later Ephraim is on a ship Guatimozin Capt S. Bumstead his brother, both Bumsteads died within a few years.

In 1803-1804, Capt Benjamin Swift on US brig Hazard 216 tons owned T. H. Perkins and others.

In 1803: Abiel and Jonathan Winship Jnr. re ship O'Cain of New York in 1803.

1803: US Capt Jonathan Aborn in 11-12/1803 is on sealer/trader Patterson, for owners either Munro and Co. or Lawrence and Co., to Sydney, out sealing, see HRA, 1 (4), pp. 525-526 and HRA, 1 (5), pp. 69; Dorr and Co.

In 1803: Sealer Charles Capt Isaac Percival from Boston to Bass Strait and King George Sound; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1803-1804: In 1803-1804, Fanning and Co. are owners of Union brig/sealer from New York, Capt Isaac Pendleton, to King George Sound, Kangaroo Island, Bass Strait, Sydney, to China, wrecked by Fiji. (See HRA, 1 (4,) p. 583 and HRA, 1 (5) pp. 120-122ff;

In November 1803, Lawrence and Co are owners for sealer/trader Wertha Ann of New York, Capt Gibbs West, Sydney then China, see HRA, 1 (4), p. 427;

December 1803, Capt W. R. Eastwick, from Sydney to Madras, trade with Simeon Lord of Sydney, a captain noticed (by Parkinson) as an opium trafficker.

1803: Gov. King at Sydney orders the settlement of Tasmania, his reasons given being (1) to prevent any French occupation (2) for timber getting (3) to divide the convicts (4) to raise grain (5) to promote sealing. Capt Eber Bunker, still on the whaler Albion, assisted an expedition, 12 September, 1803.
Dakin, Whalemen Adventurers, p. 30.

1803: 12 February, 1803: Arrives Sydney/Port Jackson the largest ship to thus far enter the harbour, Castle of Good Hope, 1000 tons, 307 head Bengal cattle, some Zebu, donkeys, rice and sugar, under contract, and 14000 gals spirits. Shop for Rbt Campbell and Co.

1803: 12 September: John Bowen arrives to "the future Tasmania", Hobart, with convicts to set up a new British colony.
See Philip Tardif, Notorious Strumpets and Dangerous Girls: Convict Women in Van Diemen's Land, 1803-1829. North Ryde, NSW, Angus and Robertson, 1990.

1803: 1803+: Treatment of convicts convicted in India, mostly, indigenous people.
(See also, C. M. Turnbull, 'Convicts in the Straits Settlements', 1826-1867', Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 43, Part 1, No. 217, July 1970., pp. 87-103.)

1803: Lloyd's Green Book Committee: Angerstein, John Burke, William Bell, John Campbell, Alexr. Champion, George Curling, Charles Henry Dubois, Effingham Laurence, Robert Pulsford, Robert Shelden, Edward Vaux. At Register Office of Shipping, No 4 Castle Court, Birchin Lane. New 1803 members are David Scott and Co, John Shee and Thomas.

1803: Lloyd's Red Book Subscribers List includes: Moses Agar, J. & A. Atkins, Thomas Backhouse and Co., John Blackett, William Bewnett (? - Bennett?), Brown, Welbank and Co., Norrison Coverdale; Camden Calvert and Co., Cox and Curling, Robert Curling, Duncan and Lachlan, Thomas Hall, Hodgson and Co., Humble, Holland and Hurry, Ives Hurry and Co., Peter Kennion, John Lyall, Thomas Newnham, Reeve and Green, Thomas Rowcroft, St. Barbe, Green and Co., F. S. Secretan, Society of Ship Owners of Great Britain. Transport Board (2 books).

1803: The man who named Australia: Matthew Flinders (died 1814), a "naval prodigy". Son of Lincolnshire surgeons. By 1801 he had sailed to Tahiti with William Bligh, and sailed with Capt. John Hunter to NSW, later surveying Bass Strait with Bass. Been first to circumnavigate Tasmania, and developed ambition of doing the same for the entire continent. (Flinders married Ann Chapell and had a daughter Anne who was mother of the explorer/Egyptologist, Flinders Petrie). By 1801, Flinders was sailing about Australia (Terra Australis. At Encounter Bay off South Australia he met French explorer Nicholas Baudin (who died of dysentery on Mauritius). Baudin was using a map Flinders himself had drawn! In 1803, Flinders' voyage home was interrupted, and he called in to Ile-de-France (Mauritius). The governor General de Caen imprisoned Flinders for seven years as a "spy". Flinders did not reach England till 1810, and almost killed himself with work on his discoveries, and met bureaucratic inertia from the Admiralty.

1803-1805: A schooner/sealer Independence, from New York, (Kangaroo Islands off the South Australian coast?) Capt O. F. Smith with ? Wilkinson and J. Townsend, for Fanning and Co., to Kangaroo Island, King George Sound, Bass Strait, Sydney, and same in 1804 and 1805, to Norfolk Island, lost Penantipodes, see Fanning, 1924.

(NB: 12 Feb, 1803, see chron card, arrives PJ the largest ship to thus far enter the harbour, Castle of Good Hope, 1000 tons, 307 head Bengal cattle, some Zebu, donkeys, rice and sugar, under contract, and 14000 gals spirits. Shop for Robert Campbell and Co. of Sydney) (1802, Southern whaler General Boyd, Capt. Owen Bunker, owned by Watson and Co. See Austn Encyclopaedia, Whales, p. 275. See also Feb. 14, 1805.) 1802: Southern whaler General Boyd, Capt. Owen Bunker, owned by Watson and Co. See Australian Encyclopaedia, Whales, p. 275. (NB: 12 February, 1803: arrives to Sydney the largest ship to thus far enter the harbour, Castle of Good Hope, 1000 tons, 307 head Bengal cattle, some Zebu, donkeys, rice and sugar, under contract, and 14000 gals spirits. Ship for Robert Campbell and Co. of Sydney)

In 1803, Perkins firm to J. M. Forbes London, re coffee and St Domingo. In 1803 to Joseph Marryatt in London.

From July 1803: T. H. Perkins firm is to receive 6 per cent interest of $20,000 of capital for Ephraim Bumstead and Co. operated at Canton by Ephraim Bumstead who went to China in Zenobia in 1803; John Perkins Cushing is Bumstead's clerk. Later Ephraim is on a ship Guatimozin Capt S. Bumstead his brother; both Bumsteads died within a few years.

In 1803, Thomas H. Perkins and Co. of Boston opened a branch at Canton, with John P. Cushing in charge. Another firm was C. B. C. Wilcocks of Philadelphia and Daniel Stansbury of Baltimore also resident at Canton. The legendary John Jacob Astor was later represented at Canton by Nicholas G. Ogden and Cornelius Sowle. Samuel Russell was resident at Canton seemingly on his own account.

1803: and in 1803 we find a schooner/sealer Independence, from New York, (Kangaroo Islands near South Australia?) Capt O. F. Smith with ? Wilkinson and J. Townsend, for Fanning and Co., to Kangaroo Island, King George Sound, Bass Strait, Sydney, and same in 1804 and 1805, to Norfolk Island, lost Penantipodes, see Fanning, 1924; Henry Trapp, L. C. Tripp; ? Trotter, is Captain of snow/trader, Susan, from Providence, owners notnamed, to Sydney thence Canton, see HRA 1 (9), p. 47.

In 1803: Abiel and Jonathan Winship Jnr. re ship O'Cain of New York in 1803.

1803: US Capt. Jonathan Aborn in 11-12/1803 is on sealer/trader Patterson, for owners either Munro and Co. or Lawrence and Co., to Sydney, out sealing, see HRA, 1 (4), pp. 525-526 and HRA, 1 (5), pp. 69;

1803: Dorr and Co. in 1803 have sealer Charles Capt Isaac Percival from Boston to Bass Strait and King George Sound; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)

Circa 1803: GUATIMOZIN. The Guatimozin must have soon returned from China and probably reached the coast again near the Columbia River; for Alexander Henry states that in 1813 he deciphered on a tree near Baker’s Bay or Cape Disappointment the following inscription: "H. Thompson, ship Guatimozin of Boston, February 20, 1804." She completed her trading early in 1804 and took regular route back to Boston. She arrived in Canton, according to E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels, on 23 August, 1804, and departed thence for home port, 26 November, 1804. In the Straits of Sunda Captain Bumstead was lost overboard, and the mate Glanville brought her to Boston, which she reached on 26 April, 1805, 150 days.

1803-1804: In 1803-1804, Fanning and Co. are owners of Union brig/sealer from New York, Capt Isaac Pendleton, to King George Sound, Kangaroo Island, Bass Strait, Sydney, to China, wrecked by Fiji, see HRA, 1 (4,) p. 583 and HRA, 1 (5) pp. 120-122ff;

1804-1805: Champlin and Minturn in December 1804 and 1805 have trader Aeolus from Sumerset (sic) NY, Capt Andrew Mather, to Sydney, thence China; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

In 1803-1804: T. H. Perkins firm to Samuel Snow at Canton re Capt Bowditch of Rambler, sugar and teas.

In 1803-1804: Capt Benjamin Swift on US brig Hazard 216 tons, owned Perkins and others.

1803: L'Adele snow. Owners, M. S. G. Courtans. Captain R. Coutance. 15 July 1803 - 4 Sep 1803. From Mauritius, timber. Cumpston's Register.

1803: John sealer. Owner, Chace. Captain not given. 26 Dec 1803 - 26 Dec 1803. Seal skins, oil, Bass Strait. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1803: James of 1803. Owner, Thomas Raby of Sydney. Captain not given. 23 Dec 1803. Gathering lime at Broken Bay. Lost at Broken Bay by 25 April. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1803: Governor King. Owner, Kable and Underwood of Sydney. Captain Moody. 26 Dec 1803 - 7 Jan 1804. Sealing or whaling. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1803: HM Glatton. RN. Captain James Colnett RN. 1802 - 11 Mar 1803 - 17 May 1803. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register.

1803: Ferrett whaler. Owner, Daniel Bennett. Captain Philip Skelton. 1803 - 22 Jan 1804 - 31 Jan 1804. Whaler, to Derwent River. Owner been misgiven as "David Bennett". Cumpston's Register.

1803: Lelia Byrd - American registry; William Shaler, master; arrived June 21, 1803, departed July 7, 1803; brought first horse to Hawaii. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1804

1804: Nadeshda -Russian; Capt. Lieut. Adam John von Krusenstern in command; arrived June 7, 1804, departed June 10, 1804. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Neva - Russian; Capt. Lieut. Urey Lisiansky in command under von Krusenstern; arrived Jun 8, 1804, departed Jun 20, 1804. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1804: HM Buffalo of 1804. RN. Lt William Kent. 12 June 1804 - 15 October 1804. Cattle, horses. Cumpston's Register, p. 5

1804: Contest (44 tons). Owners, Kable and Underwood. Captain not given. Launched May 1804. Local Sydney ship. Cumpston's Register, p. 49.

1804: Coromandel (2). Owners, Reeve and Green. Captain John Robinson then George Blakey. 1803 - 7-8 May 1804 - 19 July 1804. Convict transport. Reeve and Co. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Rose. Owner P. Gardner. Captain James Carey. Sealer, trader to China from Nantucket Island. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1804: Fair American of 1804. Owner, J. E. Farrell M/O. Captain J. E. Farrell. 26 March 1804 - 12 Nov 1804. Also to Manila. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Hannah and Eliza. Owner, W. Rotch. Captain Micajah Gardner. 1806. Whaler, sealer from New Bedford. From Wace and Lovett.

1804: Raven. (11 tons). Owner, Thomas Raby of Sydney. Captain not given. New by 1804. 23 May 1804. Light coals, cedar timber. Cumpston's Register, p. 49.

1804: Surprise sealer. Owner, Kable and Underwood of Sydney. Capt Rushworth. 19 April 1804 - 9 April 1804. Bass Strait sealing. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1804: Sophia of 1804. Owners, Not given. Captain William Collins. 1804- 16 Jan 1805. Convicts, stores. Cumpston's Register, p. 51

1804: Policy whaler. Owners, Hurrys. Captain C. S. Foster, Rbt. Sparrow. 1804 - 17 Nov 1804 - 10 May 1805. Timor, Mollucccas, England, seal/whale oil. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Richard and Mary of 1804. Owners, Spencer and Co. Captain James Lucas. 1804 - 5 January 1805 - 26 January 1805. Whaling, to England and Moluccas. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Mandarin (of 1804). Owners, Notknown. Captain James Magee. 1804 - Trader. Letter T. H. Perkins by Mandarain Capt James Magee to E. Bumstead at Canton on Madeira wine, other goods, by which time the Perkins firm has ships on N/w coast America, Malay coast, Isle of France/Mauritius. In 1804, THP to Grant, Forbes and Co. in London who are still unidentified.

1804: Lady Barlow Owners, Campbell and Co. Captain A. McAskill. 21 Jan 1804. Skins, timber, curios, for Campbell Family. Robert Campbell, Sydney. Cumpston's Register, p. 51, has her to Pegu, Bengal, England via Derwent.

1804: Experiment (1). Owner, Wigram and Co., of London. Captain Francis J. Withers. 24 June 1804. Convict transport. Cumpston's Register, p. 51.

1804: Mary Owners, Boardman and Co. Captain Samuel Balch. Trader from Boston to Manila. From Wace and Lovett

1804: Mersey. James Wilson M/O. Captain James Wilson. 16 April 1804 - 24 May 1804. Trader from Fort William. Cumpston's Register. Consignment for Robert Campbell Snr, Sydney.

1804: Pilgrim (of 1804). Owners Boardman and Co. Captain Samuel Delano. 22 Aug 1804 - 31 Aug 1804. Sealer. Boston, Bradbury and Co. Cumpston's Register, she is sealing in Bass Strait. From Wace and Lovett.

1804: Pilgrim of 1804. US-owned. Captain Unknown. Sealer. Sealing in Bass Strait by 1804. Aboard is O. F. Smith, an American, who applied to live at Sydney but was refused by Gov. King.

1804: Endeavour (of 1804). Owner not given. Captain Murrell. 1804 - 22 Jan 1805 to Bass Strait. Sealing, fine skins. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Marcia. Owners, Unknown. Captain J. Aicken. 5 July 1804. Wrecked, salvage, taking beche-de-mer. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1804: Endeavour. Owners, Kable and Underwood of Sydney. Captain J. Oliphant. 17 Jan 1804 - 8 Feb 1804 - 17 Jan 1804. Sealing. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1804: Myrtle. Owners, Wm. Kinlock and Co. Captain Henry Barber. 18 Oct 1804 - 31 Dec 1804. Misc, general, spirits, ordered to sea. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Edwin sloop. Sydney owned. Captain William Stewart. 8 Feb 1804. Bass Strait sealing. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1804: Brook Watson. Owners, Goodall and Turner. Captain Obed Worth. Whaling. Goodall and Turner. AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 199.

1804: Antelope. Owner, Daniel Bennett. Captain James Mortlock, John Samuel Parker. Captured. AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 196.

1804: Caroline (of 1804). Owner, Russell Sturgis et al. Captain William Sturgis. 1804. Trader of 214 tons. T. H. Perkins, J. &T. Lamb and Russell Sturgis. Of Boston.

1804: Aeolus (US). Champlin and Minturn. Captain Andrew Mather. 1804-1805. Sydney 1804-1805. 9 Feb 1805 . Whaler, to China. Sumerset, New York. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1804: African (of 1804). Owner Daniel Bennett, Blackheath. Captain Ranson Jones. 1804. Whaling. Formerly Minerve, captured by HMS Circe in 1800. Other captain is John Brown, as in AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 194.

1804: Active (whaler3), Owner Daniel Bennet, Rotherhithe. Capt Louis Blair. Whaling, AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 193.

1804: Adonis of 1804. Owners Unknown. Captain Robert Turnbull (See above). 25 Aug 1804 - 19 Sep 1804. Whaling NZ. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Swift prize. Bought by Campbell and Co. J. Lawrence. 1804, taken as prize. 17 Nov 1804. Beef, clothing, wine, arrack. Earlier owned by Dutch. Cumpston's Register sees her condemned in Sydney.

1804: Perseverance. US-owned. Captain Unknown. Sealing in Bass Strait by 1804.

1804: Perseverance (of 1804). Owners Fanning and Co. Capt Amasa Delano. Sealer from Boston. From Wace and Lovett

1804: Integrity HMC. Sydney owned. Capt Rushworth. Feb 1804 maybe. Port Phillip, Derwent. Cumpston's Register, p. 48.

1804: Union of 1804. US Owners Fanning and Co. Capt J. Pendleton. 27 June 1804-29 August 1804. Sealing, Bass Strait, China. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Caroline, owned Russell Sturgis, Capt. William Sturgis. In 1804: T. H. Perkins firm to Capt Charles Cabot at Calcutta and re opium Bengal to Batavia.

1804: P. Gardner is owner in 1804 for sealer/trader Rose, of Nantucket, Capt James Carey, to Sydney, Dampier Straits south of Tasmania, thence Canton, (note re R. Caldwell, Nantucket), see HRA, 1 (5), pp. 120-122;

1804: T. H. Perkins firm to E. Bumstead by Mandarin Capt James Magee, Madeira wine, Dutch butter kegs, cotton goods, in 1804, the firm has ships on n/w coast America, Malay coast, Isle of France/Mauritius. In 1804, Perkins to Grant, Forbes and Co. in London; in 1804, James Gorham is at Havana for the firm.

12 February, 1804: T. H. Perkins firm to Josiah Sturgis re rum.

March 1804: T. H. Perkins firm to J. M. Forbes at Hamburg. In 1804, Perkins deals with Manila-Acapulco-Manila. At the time, Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton; "the ruthless hand of Burr", comments Perkins.

1804: Caroline Capt William Sturgis 214 tons of Boston, owned J&T Lamb, T. H. Perkins and Russell Sturgis.

1804-1805: Champlin and Minturn in December 1804 and 1805 have trader Aeolus from Sumerset (sic) NY, Capt Andrew Mather, to Sydney, thence China; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

In 1804-1805, for not-named owners, ship Herald of Salem, Capt Zachary Silsbee, to Tasmania, see Langdon, 1971;

1804: P. Gardner is owner in 1804 for sealer/trader Rose, of Nantucket, Capt James Carey, to Sydney, Dampier Straits south of Tasmania, thence Canton. (Note re R. Caldwell, Nantucket), (See HRA, 1 (5), pp. 120-122.)

1804: US Capt. Amasa Delano, in March-November 1804 is on sealer Perseverance, of Boston, for Fanning and Co., to Cape Barren Island and Bass Strait then S/W coast of New Holland. (See HRA, 1 (5), pp. 168-173.)

1804: Capt Samuel Delano in late 1804 is on schooner/sealer Pilgrim, of Boston, for Boardman and Co., to Sydney and Bass Strait, then New Zealand, see HRA, 1 (5), pp. 173-176; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1804-1806: In 1804-1806 sails whaler/sealer Hannah and Eliza from New Bedford. Capt Micajah Gardner, for owner W. Rotch to Tasmania, Norfolk Island, Broken Bay, Norfolk Island, then New Zealand and Cape Horn. (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1804: US merchants Boardman and Co. in 1804 are owners for Mary (or Marion or Mary Ann), from Boston, Capt. Samuel Balch, to Sydney, thence Manila, see HRA I (5), pp. 151-152. (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1804: P. Gardner is owner in 1804 for sealer/trader Rose, of Nantucket, Capt James Carey, to Sydney, Dampier Straits south of Tasmania, thence Canton, , see HRA, 1 (5), pp. 120-122;

In 1804: T. H. Perkins firm to Capt Charles Cabot at Calcutta and re opium Bengal to Batavia.

1804, T. H. Perkins firm to E. Bumstead by Mandarin, Capt James Magee, Madeira wine, Dutch butter kegs, cotton goods, in 1804, P firm has ships on n/w coast, Malay coast, Isle of France/Mauritius. In 1804, Perkins to Grant, Forbes and Co. in London; in 1804, James Gorham is at Havana.

Feb 1804: Perkins firm to Josiah Sturgis re rum.

1804, Caroline Capt Wm Sturgis 214 tons of Boston, owned J&T Lamb, THP and Russell Sturgis.

1804, Caroline, owned Russell Sturgis, Capt. William Sturgis.

In 1804-1805: for owners not-named, ship Herald, of Salem, Capt Zachary Silsbee, to Tasmania, see Langdon, 1971.

1804: Circa: Date becomes relevant for the London-based Green-Wigram partnerships. Some information is extant on Wigrams, a large family with some men operating as convict contractors. Greens seem resistant to genealogical research, although they are referred to in E. Keble Chatterton, The Mercantile Marine. London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1923., pp. 94ff. On Wigrams, see Burke's Landed Gentry for Arkwright of Sutton Scarsdale and Long of Sydenham. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage for Wigram. There is no date in Shelton's Contracts No 25, for convict ships Coromandel and Experiment, contracts with Messrs Reeve and Wigram, 382 cons, Shelton charged £381/14/8d. with three Scotch convicts; as found in Byrnes, `The Blackheath Connection', p. 97, Note 156.

1804: 4 March, 1804, Sunday, Convict rebellion at Castle Hill, Sydney, the only battle (as reported) ever fought by the NSW Corps. Otherwise, soldiers' conflict with Aboriginals was not exactly "officially reported".

1804: Convict ship Coromandel 1 (2), probably owned as Coromandel I above. Arriving Sydney 7 May 1804.

1804: Convict shipExperiment 1, Arriving Sydney 24 June, 1804.

1804: Active at Penang by 1804: Robert Townsend Farquhar (1776-1830), governor at Penang, succeeding Leith, very energetic, and he reconstructs Fort Cornwallis. French privateers still sail about. Farquar is succeeded by Philip Dundas, brother of Henry Dundas (Lord Melville). In 1804, Acheen has a civil war, family squabble, the displaced sultan offers Penang a fort and settlement at Acheen, re pepper trade, but the EICo procrastinates. Then the EICo directors went for a Acheen fort, maybe to command northern approach to the Straits of Malacca. Philip Dundas also shilly-shallied. But in 1805, ambitions grew. EICo, Directors very keen, mentioning Pegu timber nearby as well.
Clodd, Francis Light, pp. 140-148.

1804: By 1804, New Zealand "did its bit" re providing naval timber. Captains had been enthusiastic about the woods of NSW and NZ, and by 1804, England was receiving masts of NZ kaurie or NSW jarrah. (But in 1809, New Zealand cannibals "ate the crew" of Boyd, loading NZ spars for the Cape Town dockyard. High freight rates precluded too much business here, but for many years the navy continued to draw masts from such remote sources.) See Albion also also re ships of Indian teak, Malabar coast, as EICo now already built many of its own ships in India, the Bombay shipbuilder, the Parsi, Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy being involved . Jeejeebhoy later becomes first Parsi Baronet and a freeman of City of London.
(Albion, Forests and Sea Power, p. 197, pp. 364-368.)

1804: John Prinsep in London by 1804 laid plans - interesting but premature - to import wool from eastern Australia. The plans involved John Maitland, John Macarthur, Mr. Coles, Mr. Wilson at Monument Yard, Capt. Waterhouse and Mr. Stewart. John Maitland, of Basinghall Street, was an influential wool merchant who had links with Sir Joseph Banks and Macarthur. (See Harold B. Carter, His Majesty's Spanish Flock: Sir Joseph Banks and the Merinoes of George III of England. Sydney, Angus And Robertson, 1964. Harold B. Carter, Sir Joseph Banks, 1743-1820. London, British Museum (Natural History), 1988.) At an 1804 auction of the King's sheep, Maitland was interested in Macarthur's proposal for a company to produce wool in New South Wales and supported it in company with Hulletts, who'd dummy-bought two ewes for Macarthur, and owned the Argo. At the sale, Banks warned Macarthur of the Obstructive Act of 1788 preventing export of sheep. Later, Macarthur suggested to Lord Camden a Treasury warrant be drawn for the export. A company with a capital of £10,000 was proposed, but the plan went awry. By July 1804, John Prinsep was examined in Council Chamber at Whitehall. (See Sibella Macarthur-Onslow, Some Early Records of the Macarthurs of Camden, pp. 92-95.)
1804: 11 July 1804, wool gentlemen meet inc. Hunter and Waterhouse, both RN, Capts Prentice and Townson of New South Wales Corps, William Wilson of Monument Yard, agent for Rbt Campbell and Marsden, and William Stewart Master Mariner of Lambert, Prinsep and Saunders, shipping and East India agents of 147 Leadenhall St, owners of Anne to NSW in 1800. (See also, Sibella Macarthur-Onslow, Some Early Records of the Macarthurs of Camden. [Orig. 1914] Sydney, Rigby, 1973. Pemberton, London Connection, p. 121).

1804:Aurora US owned. Captain - Hussy. 1803? 1804, at "New Holland". Whaler from Nantucket Island. From Wace and Lovett, p. 45.

1804:: Prinsep and Saunders tendered 16 ships to EICo, see July 1804, (Parkinson p. 143 on Eastern Trade.)

Year 1805

1805: Mr Dominicus, the EICO husband in the matter of the seizure of cargo of the Lady Barlow belonging to Robert Campbell. 1805, Lady Barlow affair, Sir Stephen Cottrell, at Council Office (EICO?).

1805:: Ceres whaler of 1805. Owner, D. Stevens. Captain Ed Sharp(e). 1804 -- 10 Apr 1805 - 18 June 1805. South whaler. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Aurora. Owners, Daniel Starbuck/Sterbeck. Captain Andrew Merrick/Meryck. 1805 - 21 Apr 1806 - 24 Apr 1806. Whaler. Milford, Bideford. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Eagle brig of 1805. Owners, Campbell and Co. Captain Thomas Graham. 5 Apr 1805 - 28 Jun 1805. To Calcutta. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Honduras packet. Owners, Hurry and Co. Captain Owen Bunker. 1804 - 20 July 1805 - 20 Sep 1805. Seal skins, 7000. Also re William Edwards. Ship a Spanish prize. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Myrtle. Owners, Kinlock and Co. Captain Henry Barber. 4 March 1805- 7 March 1805. Rum, sugar, sundry, to Fort William, East Indies. Also to n/w America. Cumpston's Register.

1804: Nancy. M/O. Captain A. Thompson. 14 Aug 1804. Oil, Bass Strait. Cumpston's Register, p. 50.

1805: Star ship. Owner, Birnie and Co. Captain James Birnie. 22 Feb 1806- 25 March 1806. Whaling off New Zealand. Of London. Plus J. Wilkinson. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Lucy privateer. Owner Daniel Bennett. Captain Alexander Ferguson. 21 April 1806. Whaling or sealing, Peru, a prize ship. Of London. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Sophia. Owners, Campbell and Co. of Sydney. Captain William Collins. 19 Apr 1805 - 12 July 1805. To Hobart, King Island, Bass Strait. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Lady Barlow. Owner, Robert Campbell. Captain A. McAskill probably. 1805 on Thames River. Sealer, trader. McAskill is ex-Castle of Good Hope. This ship about Sydney in May - July 1804, with cattle and stores. Cargo seized in London by London interests protecting their own investments in Australasia.

1805: Herald. Owner, Unknown. Captain Zachary T. Silsbee. 1804 - 1805. To Tasmania from Salem. From Wace and Lovett.

1805: Criterion. Owners, Hussey and Co. Captain Peter Chase/Chace. 23 Apr 1805- 28 May 1805. Sealer, trader to China. Tobacco. From Nantucket. She is back in Sydney May-July 806, China and teas, etc. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1805: Harrington5. Owners, Chace and Co. Captain William Campbell. 27 Jan 1805-27 Feb 1805. General merchandise, then whaling, Peru. Takes two prizes. Cumpston's Register.

1805 circa: King George. Owners, Henry Kable et al. Captain Unknown. Re James Underwood, Simeon Lord. Ship King George built in Sydney for Henry Kable, James Underwood, Simeon Lord and David Dickenson Mann and launched on 30 April 1805. Cumpston's Register, p. 8.

1805: HM Buffalo. RN. Lt. Houston. 27 Nov 1805 - 10 Feb 1806. To Hobart, carries Gov. King and family. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Elizabeth and Mary. Owners, Spencer and Co. Captain John Hingston. 27 Sep 1805 - 8 Nov 1805. Whaling, New Zealand. Cumpston's Register.

1805: More to come US owned. -- Unknown. 1805. Trader from Salem. From Wace and Lovett.

1805: Harriott whaler. Owners, Mathers and Co. Thaddeus Coffin. 1804 - 24 Apr 1805 - 29 May 1805. Whaling, sperm oil. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Hazard. American Owner, Wm. F. Megee. Captain Notknown. 1805. US Trader to EI and China. Supercargo is Saml III Nightingale.

1805: Favorite. American Owner, P. Gardner and D. Whitney. Captain Jonathan Paddock. 1805 - 24 Apr 1805 and 1806 - 11 Jun 1805. Whaler, sealer. New Zealand, Canton, general merchandise. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett.

1805: Britannia whaler of 1805. Owner, John T. Hill. Captain Amiel Hussey. 1805 - June 1806. Whaler, sealer, off California. Up to 20,000 skins, full whale oil. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Favourite. Owners, Gardiner and Co. Captain John Paddock. 10 March 1806 - 29 July 1806. Sealing, 60,000 skins. Of Nantucket. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Commerce brig. British Owners, James Birnie and Co., London. Captain John Wilkinson. 9 Oct 1805 - 7 Feb 1806. Sealing, timber. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Britannia South Sea whaler. 1805. Details not given. Re Nathaniel Goodspeed.

1805: Brothers (US). Owner, O. Mitchell. Captain Benjamin Worth. 1804-1805. 1805 to Sydney. Whaler from Nantucket Island. From Wace and Lovett, p. 48.

1805: Brothers whaler of 1805. Owner, O. Mitchell. Captain Benjamin Worth. 10 July 1805- 1 Nov 1805. Whaling, New Zealand coast. Driven back. Cumpston's Register. --- 1806: Brothers whaler of 1806. Owner O. Mitchell. Captain Benjamin Worth. 21 July 1806- 17 August 1806. Whaling, NZ coast. Re Obh Mitchell. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Amiante brig. Spanish, presumably. Captain A. Fisk. 1804-1805. 17 May 1805. Prize to Harrington. Sent by Chile, Kent's Group. Name was Santa Francisco y Santo Paulo. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Argo of 1805. Owners, Hulletts and Co. of London. John Baden/Bader. 7 Jun 1805- 15 Sep 1805. Whaling, probably, as by NZ. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Atlantic whaler. Owners, Enderby and Co. Captain William Swain. 3 May 1806 - 29 May 1806. Whaling. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Anne (US). Owner, William Rotch. Captain Jas. Gwinn/Gwynn. 1803 - 1805 to Sydney. Whaler, Sydney, China, England. From New Bedford Named in records is William Rock Jnr. To China. Cumpston's Register. From Wace and Lovett

1805: Sydney of 1805. Owners, Campbell and Co. Captain Austin Forrest. 18 Apr 1805 - 5 October 1805. Cattle for Port Dalrymple. Calcutta to Hobart. She is lost on coast of New Guinea by maybe Feb 1807. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Independence of 1805. Owners, Fanning and Co. Captain Jsh. Townsend. 21 Apr 1805 - 11 Jun 1805. Sealer, Kangaroo Island, Norfolk Island, Canton. Cumpston's Register.

1805: Venus small brig. Campbell and Co of Sydney. Capt John Calder. 7 May 1805-29 July 1805. Sealing, Bass Strait, coast Peru, Calcutta. Link to William Stewart. Cumpston's Register. She is under Jas. Stewart to Derwent and Penantipodes, skins, by 24 Jan 1806.

1805: Vulture whaler. Owners Mathers and Co. Capt Thomas Folger. 22 Juy 1806-20 Aug 1806. Whaler, Chile and Peru. Cumpston's Register.

1805, US ship Hazard, Wm. F. Megee (probably supercargo), Capt ?

1805, US ship Catherine, Fanning and Co, Capt. Henry Fanning.

1805: and in 7-11/1805 and 7-8-1806, Capt Benjamin Worth is on whaler Brothers from Nantucket, for O. Mitchell, Sydney and New Zealand;

In late 1805, the T. H. Perkins firm told Gorham and Green that he (Perkins) wished to get out of West India trade.

In 1805: J. P. Cushing is still at Canton re Turkish opium for China to Macao. and re fur ships of 1805. Samuel Williams is the T. H. Perkins agent in London who knows of P's desire re inquiry into coasting trade of India, Bombay cotton to China? Who are the Grant, Forbes and Co. in London in 1805 that the Perkins firm writes to?

1805: Perkins' captain Capt Bumstead dies at sea in Straits of Sunda.

1805-1806: Salem: J. Pierce is owner in 1805/1806 of trader Eliza with Capt. Wm. Richardson, with log keeper Philip Payn Pinel, to Sydney and Norfolk Island, thence China.

no date American William Richardson as master has brig trader Active, from Salem, owned by Jas Cooke, to Hobart, Sydney, Fiji, Canton, Manila in 12/10 and 2/11; William P. Richardson, Freeman Richmond, I. B. Richmond as owner in 2/42 and 7-8/42 has whaler Addison Capt Thos. West from New Bedford, Hobart.

1805: S. C. Phillips in a confused entry in 1805 and maybe 1806 has US trader/whaler (barque) Elizabeth, from Freetown, then Salem, no captain named on one trip, trip has Capt. Isaac Hodge/Hedge, with Jonathan P. Saunders as log keeper; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1805: US Capt. Henry Fanning in 1805 is on sealer Catherine from New York (by 1804?) for Fanning and Co., Sydney and King George Sound; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1805-1806: US merchants Hussey and Co. have sealer and trader Criterion from Nantucket, Capt. Peter Chase, to Sydney and Hobart, then Fiji, Canton and Nantucket. (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1805-1806: US merchant J. Pierce is owner in 1805/1806 of trader Eliza, from Salem, with Capt. Wm. Richardson, with log keeper Philip Payn Pinel, to Sydney and Norfolk Island, thence China; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett)

1805: A smuggler from Boston, Massachusetts, Charles Cabot, attempts to purchase opium from the British, then smuggle it into China under the auspices of British smugglers. (From website based on book: Opium: A History, by Martin Booth Simon & Schuster, Ltd., 1996.)

Late 1805: T. H. Perkins firm tells Gorham and Green that he now wishes to get out of West India trade. In 1805, J. P. Cushing is still at Canton re Turkish opium for China to Macao. and re fur ships of 1805. Samuel Williams is the THP agent in London who knows of P's desire re inquiry into coasting trade of India, Bombay cotton to China? Who are the Grant, Forbes and Co. in London in 1805 that P firm writes to?

1805 and later: McLardie are traders at Calcutta, in the context of Robert Campbell's trading from Sydney.

About 1805, Evan Nepean formerly under-secretary of Home Office, becomes Governor of Madras.

1805: The prison on convict transport Tellicherry was insufficiently ventilated, it was complained at the Irish port involved. NB: This ship owned by John St Barbe of Blackheath, London; she was lost, and was the last ship St Barbe ever sent to NSW.
Con Costello, Botany Bay: The Story of the Convicts Transported from Ireland to Australia, 1791-1853. Cork-Dublin, Mercier, 1987., p. 68

St Barbe's Tellicherry had aboard eight supporters of Robert Emmet. (Shaw, Convicts and the Colonies, pp. 170-171.) St Barbe lost Tellicherry about the Philippines about 1806. Bateson describes St. Barbe as "a prominent London merchant and shipowner", but not as an influential underwriter helping manage the Lloyd's Red Book. Tellicherry was to load China tea, a good indication that by 1805, a former whaler could deal with the East India Company without animosity.
Bateson, Convict Ships, p. 190.

1805: Chace, Chinnery and Co. of Madras, bankrupt in 1805. In 1805: Chace, Chinnery and Co. of Madras, send ships to Sydney.

1805: Patrick Colquhuon, LLD, when writing his major work, A Treatise On The Police Of The Metropolis, was acting as a magistrate for the counties of Middlesex, Surry, Kent and Essex. He recommended a water police be created for the Thames River. Patrick Colquhuon was agent for West Indies Nevis 1806-1821 as Patrick and James Colquhuon; and for Nevis, 1821-1848, James Colquhuon, 1825-1851; James Colquhuon agent for St Christopher; from 1802-1845 Patrick and James Colquhuon were the agents for Virgin Islands; from 1842-1850, James Colquhuon the agent for Tobago; from 1806-1844, Patrick and James Colquhuon agents for St Vincent; from 1845-1850, the agent for St Vincent is James Colquhuon; 1816-1826, Patrick and James Colquhuon agents for Dominica, James 1826 till 1852. James and Patrick Junior Colquhuon being nephews of Patrick LLD.
See Lillian M. Penson, The Colonial Agents of the British West Indies: A Study in Colonial Administration mainly in the Eighteenth Century. Orig. 1924. London, Frank Cass and Co., reprint 1971., pp. 251ff. Patrick Colquhuon, LL.D., A Treatise On The Police Of The Metropolis. London, 1805.

1805: Sir John Hayes who annexed New Guinea, (New Albion), visits London and is deputised by EICo, made Deputy Master Attendant at Calcutta, succeeds to senior position in 1809, holds position for 21 years.

1805?: Sir Lionel Hook (d. 1810 or 1811) of EICo military Dept., secretary to Gov. of Bengal, brother of Charles Hook a sometime-trader at Sydney, NSW.

1805: Capt. Abraham Bristow discovered the Aukland Islands. Bristow later worked for the London based whalers, Mellishes.

1805: The impeachment of Henry Dundas, First Lord of Melville, who had "smeared the image of the admiralty with corruption". See DNB entry on Dundas.

1805: Convict ship William Pitt, owned by Peter Mestaers or Hulletts Bros, 604 tons, Capt. John Boyce. Departing 31 August 1805 from Cork, via Mad., S. Salvadore, Cape, 223 days to Sydney arriving 11 April, 1806. Contractor, Peter Everitt Mestaer. Shelton Contract No. 26, with Peter Everitt Mestaer, dated 15 July, 1805 for 142 convicts. (Bateson, Convict Ships, p. 338.)

1805: Hullett Bros, partners with Macarthur in Argo, are partners with Blaxland Bros in ship William Pitt which sailed 1 September 1805, with Gregory Blaxland. (Pemberton, London Connection, p. 134).

1805: 18 December 18, 1805, Whitehall, (Under-sec) J. King to Commissioners for the Transport Service, King being directed by Lord Hawkesbury they shall permit Mrs Wiseman the wife of the convict Solomon Wiseman, for embarkation on the transport Alexander, to have passage with her husband in lieu of Mrs Henshall who has declined such an indulgence. (HO 13/17, pp. 134-135, cited in David T. Hawkings, Bound for Australia. Sydney, Library of Australian History, 1988., p. 13, pp. 23-27. (A book helpful for genealogists.)

1805: 19 December, 1805: Lord Hawkesbury to A. H. Bradley, Commissioner of Convicts, giving Bradley a list of convicts in his care and asking that he allow 150 free of any infectious disease to be selected from the list and put on board Alexander and Fortune. Hawkings writes that no logs for the Fortune or Alexander have ever been located.

1805: Re London Docks, First West India Docks, almost as large as the EICo docks then in existence. Finished in 1805, at a cost of £168,000. Note: Australian wool when sent in larger quantities to London was unloaded at London Dock, upriver from West India Docks. London Dock, founded by private subscription, opened on 31 January, 1805; the first ship entering this dock is unknown.
Upriver of Limehouse Reach, the only docks on Thames southside were the Surrey Commercial Docks, which included Greenland Dock, Russian Dock (a small dock), Albion and Canada Docks. Joseph Moore about 1809 organised what became Lady Dock. Brunswick Dock at Blackwall was owned by Perry the shipbuilder, and used only by East Indiamen, Howland's Greenland Dock at Rotherhithe had been used by the South Sea Company.

1805-1806: The Hurry shipyard and complex at Howdon Pans [Newcastle, England], is declared bankrupt in 1806 and assets are gradually sold off. (Tony Barrow, 'The Newcastle Whaling Trade, 1752-1849, The Mariner's Mirror, Vol. 75, 1989., pp. 231ff.

1805: Lelia Byrd - American registry; William Shaler, master; arrived Aug. 22, 1805. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1805: Tamana - John Hudson, master; built in Hawaii 1805

1805: Atahualpa - Boston; Capt. Adams, master; arrived Aug. 1805, departed Oct. 6, 1805. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Yarmouth - arrived Dec. 8, 1805; Samuel Patterson; departed Dec. 22, 1805. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1805:: Southern whaler Ferret, Capt. Skelton, been to Derwent.

1805: Sept., Sydney, Capt. John Hingston, whaler Elizabeth and Mary.

Year 1806

1806: Brothers of 1807. British Owners, Hulletts and Blaxland. Captain Oliver Russell. 1806 - 3 April 1807 - 13 Jun 1807. London, fishery, schooner in frame. Re Blaxland. Cumpston's Register.

1806: Dart of 1807. Owners, Hulletts and Co. Captain Richard Smith. 1806 - 8 March 1807 - 9 April 1807. Whaling. Cumpston's Register.

1806: Jefferson. Owner, B. Rotch. Captain Robert Barnes/Brock. 1806 - 1814 - 1813. Whaler from New Bedford. From Wace and Lovett

1806: Sophia. Owner, Campbell and Co. Captain James Lelohf. 14 Feb 1806-21 Feb 1806. Sealing, Bass Strait, a prize named Policy. Cumpston's Register.

1806: General Wellesley. Owner and Captain not known. 1806 - 13 Feb 1807 - 24 April 1807. Merchant, to New Zealand for spars, Pulo Penang. For Dalrymple and Co. Cumpston's Register.

1806: Fortune EICo extra ship. Owner, Mestier and Co. Captain Henry Moore. 1805 - 12 July 1806 - 21 Aug 1806. Prize, carries pigs, coal, copper, timber. Cumpston's Register.

1806: Fortune. Owner, Peter Evet Mestaers (?), Captain Henry Moore. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1806: Elizabeth of 1807. Captain J. Walker. Owner McArthur and Co. 1806 - March 1807. Sydney to Tahiti.

Cumpston's Register.

1806: Sinclair extra ship. Owner William Osbourne? Captain J. H. Jackson. 1805 - 5 Aug 1806 - 5 Oct 1806. China, seal skins, coal, timber. Transport Hon Co's Extra Ship. Cumpston's Register

1806: More to come 25 August 1806 wrecked Middleton Reef. Not given. Cumpston's Register.

1806: Eliza (of 1806). Owner J. Pierce. Captain William Richardson. Trader to China. From Salem. Also to Norfolk Island.

1806: Alexander (2). Owner, John Locke. Captain Richard Brooks. 1805 - 20 Aug 1806 - 12 Nov 1806. Convict transport, then oil and skins. Earlier named Atlas. Cumpston's Register names Locke here. Bateson.

1806: Young William storeship, Owner Daniel Bennett, Capt William Watson. 7 July 1807, 14 Sep 1807. Govt storeship, whaling. Cumpston's Register.

1806: Adonis of 1806. Owners, Daniel Starbuck et al, Milford. Captain Robert Turnbull. 1806. Whaling. "And others". Also captains Robert Thomson and William Melville. AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 194.

1806: Adventure (of 1806). Owner, Daniel Bennett, Blackheath. Captain John Page, Wm Parker. Whaling. AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 194.

1806: Tellicherry. Owner, John St Barbe. Captain Thomas Cuzens. 15 Feb 1806 - 6 Apr 1806. Convict transport. Intended for China, Bengal. Lost about the Philippines, Bateson. Cumpston's Register.

1806: William Pitt of 1806. Owners, Hulletts. Captain John Boyce. 1805 - 11 Apr 1806 - 25 Jun 1806. Convict transport, then to China. Re Peter Everitt or Peter Evet Maesters. Cumpston's Register. Bateson.

1806: Parramatta of 1807. Owners Hulletts and Co. Capt John Glenn/Glynn. 3 April 1807-17 Jun 1807. Merchant, to Tahiti for pork. Cumpston's Register.

In 1805-1806: James Gwinn (sic), in 5-6/05, 2-3/06 is captain of whaler Anne from New Bedford, for owner William Rotch, Sydney and Norfolk Island, whaling, China and England and in 9-11/1808 Gwinn on same ship whaling for B. Rotch and in 1812 also similar by New Zealand.

1805-1806: in 7-11/1805 and 7-8-1806, Capt Benjamin Worth is on whaler Brothers from Nantucket, for O. Mitchell, Sydney and New Zealand.

In April 1806: T. H. Perkins tells John P. Cushing to warn the Chinese against the wiles of (other) US merchants. In 1806 John P. Cushing is alone at Canton till arrival of William F. Paine who joins after a voyage on ship Mandarin. Cushing leaves business in charge of Thomas Tunno Forbes - who drowns in Canton River in 1829.

1806: T. H. Perkins firm to Joseph Russell in Paris. In 1806 to S. Williams in London re Burr's conspiracy in Washington turns out to signify nothing (The "Shakespearian nothing", sound and fury signifying nothing).

By 1806, William Bignell, 1 contract for a convict ship with Shelton. By 1806, Messrs Mestaer and Locke, 2 contracts with Shelton for convict ships.
Note: It is known that the whaler investor John St Barbe had a sister Catharine who married William Bignell, but it is not known for certain if her husband was a partner of her brother John. He probably was, as part of a family firm.

1806: 9 January, 1806: Convicts Hawkins and Cording were sent on board Fortune, then to sail for NSW. Fortune's muster of convicts was mixed with the muster of Alexander. On Fortune was Capt Henry Moore (Lt, RN). These transports were to sail with a ship commanded by William Bligh, who was going out to become governor of NSW. Hawkings says the two transports had 306 convicts, which conflicts with Shelton's naming of 298 cons. Hawkings lists the other ships, which set sail on 28 January, 1806, with Henry Moore complaining he had not got all his guard aboard. The inventory of private goods sent in Fortune is printed in Sydney Gazette for 13 July, 1806. Fortune (1) departed England 28 January 1806 arriving Sydney 12 July, 1806. Convict Hawkins was put to government work at Castle Hill. (Hawkings, Bound for Australia, p. 3-4, pp.27-32.
Shelton's Contracts No 27, dated 23 January, 1806, with Messrs Mestaer and Locke, with ships Alexander and Fortune for 298 convicts. Shelton charged £322/14/6d.
Departing 28 January 1806 from England, convict ship Fortune 1, 620 tons, possibly owned Mestaers, Capt. Henry Moore. Arriving Sydney 12 July, 1806. Contractors Mestaer and Locke. Shelton's Contract No. 27, with Messrs Mestaer and Locke, in the Alexander and Fortune, dated 23 January, 1806, for a total of 298 convicts.
Bateson, Convict Ships, p. 338. By now, see for example, J. D. Shearer, Bound for Botany Bay: Impressions of Transportation and Convict Life. Sydney, Summit Books, 1976.)

1806: Departing March 1806 from England, convict ship Alexander I, 278 tons. Capt. Richard Brooks. Contractors, Messrs Mestaer and Locke. Arriving Sydney 20 August, 1806. (He had a descendant in Armidale, writer Geoff Blomfield.)
By 1810, Capt Richard Brooks was using a trading ship, Simon Cock. By 1810, Birnies are said to be the only merchant and general agents regularly trading to NSW.

Convict ship William Pitt. Arriving Sydney 11 April, 1806.

1806: Traders at Calcutta are Ferguson and Fairlie; in October 1806 William Wilson, years before on London Missionary Society ship Duff, and one William Fairlie offered to act as guarantors of Robert Campbell of Sydney (By about 1811, a firm was Fairlie Gilmore and Co. of Calcutta, and Robert Campbell had London agents, David Scott Jnr of London.)
1806: In October, 1806, in London, William Fairlie, of the India house Fairlie Ferguson and Co., and William Wilson, offered themselves as security for the further financial good behaviour of Robert Campbell. However, the Lady Barlow affair had destabilised Wilson's own affairs too much, and after Wilson's bankruptcy in February, 1811, he ceases to act as agent for Robert Campbell. (On Lady Barlow affair see Margaret Steven, Trade, Tactics and Territory: Britain in the Pacific, 1783-1823. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press, 1983., p. 102.)

1806: After 1806, female convicts were sent in separate ships, except for the Providence in 1811. (Shaw, Convicts and the Colonies, p. 125.)

1806: 18 December, 1806: Shelton's Contract No. 28, taken with William Bignell in ship Sydney Cove, Capt. William Edwards, re 113 convicts. Shelton charged £192/pounds, 15/4d. (Bignell was a sometime-associate of St Barbe.) Departing 11 January 1807 from Falmouth - Arriving Sydney 18 June, 1807.
However, 11 July, 1807, (See Hainsworth, Builders, pp. 82-91), re a letter from Sydney merchant Simeon Lord to Gov. Bligh, a suggestion Sydney Cove was technically owned by Thos. W. Plummer of London, and Bligh was inquisitive about this. (?)

1806: Hamilton - Boston; Capt. Porter (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1806: Perseverance - American; Amasa Delano, master; arrived Hawaii Sept. 8, departed Sept. 30. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1806: Port au Prince - London; Mr Brown, master; arrived Sept. 29, 1806, departed Oct. 26, 1806 (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

18106: Pearl - Boston; Capt. Ebetts, master. (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1806: O'Cain - Boston; Jonathan Winship, master (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

1806: Tamana - John Hudson, master (This item is from a website Hawaiian Roots on ships to Hawaii before 1819)

Year 1807

1807: Duke of Portland. Owner Daniel Bennett. Captain John C. Spence. 1807. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1807: Hannah and Sally. Owners Nath Cogswell and Henry Kable (?). Captain Nathaniel Cogswell. 1807 as American brig. 5 April 1807, to Canton. 25 Aug 1807. Sealer, trader in China goods. From Philadelphia. Cumpston's Register notes H Kable Jnr is aboard. From Wace and Lovett.

1807: Jenny/Jeanette. Owner, John Dorr and Co. of Boston Captain William Dorr, Jnr. 2 Nov 1807 - 22 March 1808. Smuggling spirits into Sydney and apprehended for it. Provisions, merchandise, to Fiji. Wm Dorr died at Macao in 1815after being captured by British in War of 1812. Cumpston's Register. (Editor's Note - This man has a mariner brother. William is mentioned in a jstor article available on the Net. His death is while on ship Ontario is recorded in Sydney Gazette No. 663. of 3 Aug 1816. William in 1808 is on Jenny owned by John Dorr and Co [he is their nephew] and is involved in smuggling booze into Sydney/Parramatta and is caught, at the time his chief mate is William Lockerby whose journal is available at www.archive.org/stream. In 1808 Dorr became interested in Pacific sandalwood. Dorr once marooned Lockerby on an island. Cf, Sullivan Dorr Papers, 1799-1852, Rhode Island Historical Society, Manuscripts Division.

1807: Duchess of York brig. Owners, Campbell and Hook. Captain Austin Forrest. 3 April 1807 - 9 May 1807. Calcutta and Derwent. Charles Hook? Cumpston's Register.

1807: HM Cornwallis, frigate. RN. Captain Charles James Johnstone. 1806 - 12 April 1807 - 23 April 1807. Madras, Peru coast, exploration. Cumpston's Register.

1807: Amethyst (US). Owner, John Dorr. Captain Seth Smith. 1807 at Sydney. Sealer from Salem/Boston. From Wace and Lovett.

Year 1807

1807: Eliza US brig of 1807. Owner, Brown and Ives. Captain E. Hill. Correy. 7 Dec 1807.

1807: Hope (of 1807). Owner, Fanning and Co. Captain Reuben Bromley. 1807- 1808. Trader, King George Sound, from New York. From Wace and Lovett.

1807: Hope of 1807. Owner, Fanning and Co. Captain Reuben Bromley. 1806 - 17 March 1807 - 2 April 1807. Refresh, no merchandise, for Sth Sea Islands. Of Connecticut, New York. Cumpston's Register.

1807: Amethyst of 1807. Owner, John Dorr. Captain Seth Smith, Jnr. 16 Dec 1807 - 19 Dec 1807. Whaling, sealing. Dorr of Salem, Boston. Cumpston's Register.

1807: Topaz. Americans Boardman and Pope. Capt William Mayhew Folger. Sealer, trader. From Boston. From Wace and Lovett.

1807: Departing February 1807 from England?, convict ship Duke of Portland (1), for whaler Daniel Bennet (of Blackheath), whalers, 523 tons, built Bordeaux in 1790, Capt. John C. Spence, surgeon unlisted, to Sydney arriving 27 July, 1807. Contractor, Daniel Bennett. Shelton's Contract No 29, with whaler Daniel Bennett dated 1 January, 1807, for 224 convicts. Shelton charged £313/17/6dto write the contract.
(Bateson, Convict Ships, p. 338.)

1807: US Capt. Coffin Whippey in 9/1807 is on whaler Grand Sachem from Newbury, for owner B. Rotch, to Sydney thence Fishery, see HRA 1 (6), pp. 618-619.

See re 1826. To 1807, both British and US ships bought furs at n/w American coast, and swapped them for tea. The US had unrestricted trade, but the British fur traders had to have special EICo permission, and could not freely swap for various Chinese goods, /sell furs, but sell them and deposit the specie gained with the Co (see Byrnes’ article, the first bank at Canton.), and the Co then issued bills redeemable in London at 12 months sight. In contrast, the US men bartered freely, underselling British pelts by up to 20 per cent, and took tea wherever they liked, writes Hao (p. 13). From p. 18, Hao writes on early US supercargoes as tea buyers, then the establishment of resident US trading firms which dealt on commission in their own right or acted for other US mercantile houses.

16 March 1807: T. H. Perkins firm to D. Parish at Philadelphia and re ship Mandarin to China. It is probably the same Parish, who suicided in 1826.

26 May 1807: T. H. Perkins to J. P. Cushing re supercargo of ship Levant Capt Proctor to Gibraltar, and to Hope and Co. re a ship wrecked on the coast of Holland.

To 1807, an annual average of 36 American ships arrived in China. US merchants had freedom from restrictions of Europen monopolies, and US ships purchased furs at American n/w coast and sold them in Canton in exchange for tea. English vessels could only go to n-w America with special permission from EICo, and could exchange furs not for commodities but for specie which had to be deposited with the EICo at Canton, (Hao, pp. 13-18), for which specie the EICo. issues bills at 12 months' sight payable in London. but the US could barter freely at Canton, undersell British pelts and carry tea where they pleased, early US ships used supercargoes, then resident trading firms at Canton.

1807 – US ship Amethyst owned by John Dorr, Capt Seth Smith. (June 1807, James Drummond, Superintendent of Supercargoes, Canton, as in Dawson, Banks Letters, p. 275, to Sir Joseph Banks re botanical matters. Mentions ship the David Scott.)

Bhagat (p. 13) cites EICo officials noting in 1806-1807 that American trade in India in that period exceeded "everything of the kind recorded in the Commercial History of British India". Some 23 US ships visited Madras in 1805. Jefferson's embargo of December 1807 largely ruined this extensive trade, there was some consternation with the British at the reduction of cashflow and turnover. This man had a son aboard United States to India. Note this US ship at India, Pondicherry, the French base, so naturally the English were suspicious of it. He is probably the man in Holden Furber article re the United States the first US ship to India, on board which was this man's son. Partners with Robert Morris.

1807: American Seth Smith is captain in 12/07 for owner John Dorr, of Amethyst sealer from Salem Boston to Sydney and fishing, see HRA, 1 (6): 319-319; Hao, p. 29, has it that in 1797-1798, US ship Betsy had profits of $53,118.

By about 1807, T. H. Perkins was using agents at Smyrna, named Woodman (nil genealogy to be found) and Offley (nil genealogy). However, as Brenner indicates, one Robert Offley had been a charter member of the original English Levant Co. One Offley was once a governor of Massachusetts.

1807: US merchants Boardman and Pope are owners for sealer/trader Topaz, of Boston, Capt. William Mayhew Folger, to Adventure Bay, Hobart, Storm Bay, Bruny Islands, see HRA, 1 (6), pp. 553-554; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett) For various Folger-Starbuck family history see website: http://www.s-starbuck.com/dat10.html

1807: US Capt Nathaniel Cogswell, in 1807 is on trader/sealer Hannah and Sally, from Philadelphia, for owners Nathaniel Cogswell and/or Henry Kable (of Sydney?), to Sydney thence Canton (where she may have been sold; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1807-1808: US Capt William Dorr in 1807-1808 is on trader Jenny, from Boston for owner John Dorr, to Sydney - Broken Bay, China, Fiji; (Item extracted from Wace and Lovett.)

1807-1808: - 1798: Benjamin Page is captain in October 1798, of trader Ann and Hope from Providence, for Brown and Ives, to Sydney, then China, as noted by Dunbabin 1950 and 1955 and Churchward in 1948.

And in 12/1807 and 4/1808, Brown and Ives are owners for trader Eliza, from Providence, Capt. E. Hill Correy, to Fiji, wrecked.

To 1807, an annual average of 36 American ships arrived in China. US merchants had freedom from restrictions of Euro monopolies, and US ships purchased furs at American n/w coast and sold them in Canton in exchange for tea. English vessels could only go to n-w America with special permission from EICo, and could exchange furs not for commodities but for specie which had to be deposited with the EICo at Canton (Hao, pp. 13-18), for which specie the Co. issues bills at 12 months' sight payable in London. but the US could barter freely at Canton, undersell British pelts and carry tea where they pleased, p. 13, now see p. 18, early US ships used supercargoes, then resident trading firms at Canton.

1807: Walter Stevenson Davidson visits China as part of a trading venture with John Macarthur, Robert Campbell and Garnham Blaxcell. Returned to England in 1809 after deposition of Gov. Bligh in NSW.
Pemberton, The London Connection, p. 123.

1807: First bales of Australian wool arrive in London.

1807: T. H. Perkins in 26 May, 1807, to J. P. Cushing re supercargo of ship Levant Capt Proctor to Gibraltar, and to Hope and Co re a ship wrecked on the coast of Holland. About 1824, in an item from the Cabot genealogy, p. 639, ship Levant 264 tons about 1824 is commanded by Capt. Edward Cabot, brother of Samuel Cabot. A favourite ship of Perkins and Cushing.

1807-1808: City of Edinburgh of 1808. Owner, Alexr Berry s/cargo. Captain Simeon Pattison. 12 Jan 1808 - 26 May 1808. Spirits, wine, etc. Cumpston's Register.

1807: Sydney Cove. Owner Wm. Wilson or Rbt Campbell. Captain William Edwards. Convict transport

1807: Rose of 1808. Owners, Campbell and Co, Richard Brookes/ Penson/Brookes. 15 April 1808 - 15 Sep 1808. Merchant, oil and skins. Richard Brookes, s/cargo, Campbell as part-owner. Cumpston's Register.

1807: Grand Sachem. Owner, Benjamin Rotch. Captain Coffin Whippey. 11 Sep 1807, whaling - 26 Sep 1807. Whaler. Cumpston's Register, From Wace and Lovett.

Year 1808

22 April 1808 ship name?

Sth Seas trade, wrecked Fiji, loses $20-30,000.

Providence, RI

Cumpston's Register.

1805:

Elizabeth (of 1805 US)

1808: Speke (1). Owner, Unknown. Captain John Hinston. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1808: Argo (of 1808). Owner, Thos and Jn Hullett, Jn Macarthur, Thos Thompson. Captain John Gradon. Whaling. Owners are Thomas and John Hullett and John Macarthur, Broad Street, Place, merchants and Thomas Thompson of Castle St., Leciester Sq, and others, in AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 196.

1808: Admiral Gambier (1-1)/Owners, Buckles. Captain Edward Harrison. 29 March 1808. Convict transport

1808: Brothers of 1808. 1807. John Blaxland, Thos Hullett, Jn Hullett. Oliver Russell. 30 Jan 1808 - 2 May 1808. Sealing, possibly whaling. Hullett and Blaxland. Cumpston's Register.

1808: Eliza (of 1808). Owners Brown and Ives. Captain E. Hill Correy. Trader, brig to Fiji, wrecked. Providence, Rhode Island. From Wace and Lovett.

1808: Hero (of 1808). Owners Jn & Wm Jacob. Capt Micajah Gardner. 1808 to Peru, Chile. Contraband fabric. From Nantucket Island. Capt is probably Barnabas Gardner, owners Jn and Wm Jacob from Chris Maxworthy emailer. She is captured in 1809 by Spanish corsair La Flecha. From Wace and Lovett

1808: Jenny. Owner John Dorr. Capt William Dorr. 1807-1808. Trader from Boston. From Wace and Lovett

1808: Favorite brig. Owner Garnham Blaxcell. Capt Dundas. 1813-1808. Trader, brig to Calcutta. Six voyages. She moves Calcutta, Sydney, Fiji, China, is American-built.

1808: Tonquin. US Owners, Fanning and Co. Capt Reuben Bromley. Sealer, trader to Fiji. From New York. From Wace and Lovett.

1808: Topaz (Folger). US ship. Capt Mayhew Folger. 1808. Finds Pitcairn Island. US whaler. On 6 Feb 1808 Folger sees smoke on Pitcairn Island, hideout of the Bounty Mutineers, which he had thought was uninhabited.

(1808: Notes from Paul R. Johnson, (Ed), The Economics of the Tobacco Industry. New York. Praeger. 1984. p. 35, Relations British-US deteriorated rapidly when in 1808, the USA tried to prohibit her merchants dealing with either Britain or Europe.) Capt Micajah Gardner, in ship Hero, from Nantucket, in 1808, owners not named, is to Sydney then Peru and Chile, (presumably whaling), see HRA 1 (9):47 see Dunbabin, 1950. (Note: See HRA, I (9): 47. See also Thomas Dunbabin, 'William Raven RN and his Britannia, 1792-95', The Mariner’s Mirror, Vol. 46, No. 4, November 1960., pp. 297-303.

Not until after February 1808, was it known that Pitcairn Island had become Fletcher Christian's hideaway. Fletcher Christian was 23 when he became Bligh's master's mate on Bounty.) 6 February, a Saturday, 1808, Capt Mayhew Folger in ship Topaz off Pitcairn Island thought he saw smoke, surprised as he thought Cataret had described the island as unpopulated.

1808: Capt Micajah Gardner, ship Hero, from Nantucket, in 1808, owners not-named, is to Sydney then Peru and Chile, (presumably whaling), see HRA, 1 (9):47 see Dunbabin, 1950;

However, on 4 July 2005 arrives an email from Chris Maxworthy who has been working on a book on US families Jacob, and Gardner: “Dear Dan, Can I offer a suggestion re some of your content On page “Merchants9a” there is a reference to Micajah Gardner being the master of the Hero of 1808. This is not correct. The Hero was commanded by Barnabas Gardner, a former Nantucket whaleman, who was employed by John and William Jacob. The ship was British-registered, and was not a whaler, but was smuggling contraband goods, mainly fabrics, into the Spanish colonies. The Thomas Dunbabin article of 1950, and restated in Cumpston's Register of Shipping Arrivals and Departures, was wrong. In fact, Tom Dunbabin corrected the item in the following issue of American Neptune. The Hero sailed from Port Jackson in September 1808 and was captured on the coast of Chile by the Spanish corsair “La Flecha” on 28 January 1809. I have acquired the above information in the process of compiling my book on Jacobs and Gardner. I will be in London next month, at which stage I hope to put some more flesh on the bones. Cheers, Chris Maxworthy.

1808: Saturday 6 February, 1808: American Capt. Mayhew Folger in Topaz is off Pitcairn Island and thinks he sees smoke. He is surprised as he thought Cataret had described the island as unpopulated. Not until after February 1808, was it known that Pitcairn Island had become Fletcher Christian's hideaway.
See Robert V. J. Varman, The Bounty-Tahitian Genealogies of Pitcairn Island descendants on Norfolk Island. Central Coast, NSW, 1992

Shelton's Contract, No. 30, dated 22 March 1808, account with William Wilson, for Speke, 98 convicts. Shelton charged £117/11/-.
Speke I (1), 473 tons, Capt. John Hingston, surgeon J. Macmillan. Departing Falmouth on 18 May, 1808 - Arriving Sydney 18 November 1808. (Counting Royal Admiral 2, this was Wilson's second attempt at contracting.)

1808: (Shelton's Contract No. 31, taken with Messrs Buckle and Boyd, in the ship Admiral Gambier. And Eolus. Dated 22 June, 1808, 278 convicts, Shelton charged £383/6/6d to make the contract. Departing 2 July 1808: Arriving - (Something is known of the genealogy of Buckle here, but not of Boyd.)

1808: Shelton's Contract No 31, taken with Messrs Buckle and Boyd, in the ship Admiral Gambier 1. (And Aeolus?) Dated 22 June, 1808, 278 convicts. Shelton charged £383/6/6d. Departing 2 July 1808 - Arriving Sydney 20 December 1808.

Departing 2 July, 1808 from Portsmouth, convict ship Admiral Gambier (1), Capt Edward Harrison, possibly for Buckles, 501 tons, Capt. Edward Harrison - Arriving Sydney 20 December, 1808. Contractors, Buckle and Boyd. Shelton's Contract No. 31 dated 22 June, 1808, for 278 convicts.

1808: Late 1808 departed from, unknown, convict ship Aeolus 289 tons, Capt. Robert Addie - Arriving Sydney 26 January, 1809. Possible contractors were Buckle and Boyd.

Year 1809

1809: Boyd ??. Owner Unknown. Captain Unknown. 1809? Convict transport. See Bateson.

1809: Experiment II. Owner Peter Evet Mestaers of London. Capt Joseph Dodds. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1809: Aeolus. Owners Unknown. Capt Robert Addie. Convict transport

1809: Boyd (of 1809 to NSW). Simeon Lord of Sydney charters her to NZ. Capt John Thompson. 2 March 1809-18 Aug 1809. Trader. Owners Brown of London maybe. See email from Richard Quinn of 2004.

1809: Union of 1810. Owners Loane and Co. Capt Williams Collins. 1809-17 Jan 1810. 7 March 1810. Calcutta, spars, provisions, convicts. Of Calcutta?. Cumpston's Register.

1809: Indispensable (2). Owner Unknown. Capt Henry Best. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1809: Convict ship Experiment II, contractor, P. E. Mestears (Peter Evet, of London), 146 tons, built Georgia, Capt. Joseph Dodds, surgeon unlisted. Departing from Cork, 21 January, 1809 - Arriving Sydney 25 June, 1809. She early sailed from Cork with a West India convoy.

1809: Convict ship Indispensable 2, 350 tons. Capt. Hy Best, surgeon William Evans. Departing 2 March 1809 - Arriving Sydney 18 August, 1809. Indispensable, Contractor, whaler of Blackheath, Daniel Bennett. Shelton Contract No. 32, with Bennett dated 24 February, 1809, for 62 convicts.

1809: Convict ship Boyd, 392 tons. Capt. Jn. Thompson. Surgeon unnamed. Departing from Cork, 2/3 March, 1809 - Arriving 14 August, 1809. The contract does not appear to have been made out by Shelton.

1809: Shelton's Contract No 33, with Messrs Buckle and Boyd, their second contract, dated 12 August, 1809, for ship Ann 2. Capt. Charles Clarke, 221 convicts. Shelton charged £298/17/6d. Departing late 1809 - Arriving Sydney 27 February, 1810. Owner unknown, surgeon unlisted, no other details. (Pemberton has suggested the owners or contractors may have been J. & W. Jacob (?) She sailed from NSW with some wool cargo. (Pemberton, The London Connection, pp. 420ff.)

1809: London Docks: Joseph Moore acquired what became Lady Dock, part of Surry Commercial Docks.

Convict and other ships 1810-1820 to Australia

Continued....

Year 1810

1810: Canada (2). Owners, Reeve and Green. Captain John B. Ward. 1810. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1810: Hunter (of 1810). Owner not known. Captain Thomas Folger. Trader from Salem or New Bedford. From Wace and Lovett.

1810: Hunter of 1810. Owner, John Gilmore and Co. Captain James Robson. 20 Aug 1810 - 24 Nov 1810. Calcutta, Fiji, Derwent, Bengal. Jn Giilmore, shipbuilder. Cumpston's Register.

1810: Aurora of 1810. Owner S. R. Chace, New York. Captain O. F. Smith. 17 July 1810- 18 Sep 1810. Virginia, New York. Thos Wolden? Provisions and trade for n/w coast America. Cumpston's Register.

1810: Perseverance (of 1810). Owner, Robert Campbell of Sydney. Capt Frederick Hasselburg. Sealing, exploration, discovers Macquarie Island

1810: New Zealander. Owner, Daniel Bennett. Capt Wm Elder/Alder. 1 Oct 1810-13 Oct 1810. London, sperm fishery.

Cumpston's Register.

1810: Indian. Owner Unknown. Andrew Barclay. Convict transport. See Bateson.

1810: Shelton's Contract No 34, contract with George Faith (an unknown name), ship Canada 2, dated 3 March, 1810, for 135 convicts. Shelton charged £245/8/-. Departing 23 March, 1810, from England, 393 tons, owned Reeve and Green, Capt. John B. Ward, surgeon unlisted. Arriving Sydney 8 September, 1810.

1810: Britain occupies Mauritius and Bengal firms are asked to sell food to the island. About this time, Indian convicts under sentence of life transportation began to be sent there from Bengal (meaning NSW remained a destination for Caucasian convicts only). In 1815 the first batch of Indians went from the Allypore jail to Mauritius, the island's government had to borrow from Fairlie Fergusson and Co. at Calcutta, eg., $30,000 per month; such deals went on into the 1820s. (S. B. Singh, Agency Houses, p. 97.)

1810: Shelton's Contract No. 35, with George Garnett Huske Mannings/Munnings, Esqr. (an unknown name), for ship Indian, dated 5 July, 1810 for one man only. Otherwise, for 276 convicts. Shelton charged £253/12/2d. Indian, 522 tons, Capt. Andrew Barclay, destined for more such voyages; surgeon Maine, Departing 18 July 1810 - Arriving 16 December, 1810. The last convict ship departing in 1810.

Marjorie Tipping, Convicts Unbound: The Story of the Calcutta Convicts and their Settlement in Australia. South Yarra, Vic., Viking O'Neil, 1988.

By April-May 1787, the First Fleet ship, Lady Penrhyn, had presumably been given an EICo licence to take a tea cargo from Canton. In which case, she can be regarded as making a commercial reconnaissance voyage, via Australia, to NW America, then to China. At least, this was the original plan. By April 1787, London aldermen Curtis and Macaulay had decided to send Lt. Watts on Lady Penrhyn to NSW as part of the First Fleet. As a man who had been out with Cook, (a midshipman on Resolution, sailing with William Bligh), Watts has been greatly overlooked. A rare mention of him is contained in David Howarth, Tahiti: A Paradise Lost. (London, Harvill Press, 1983.. pp. 143ff).

Howarth is one of the few writers treating Lady Penrhyn's voyage to Tahiti after she left Sydney. (And it is remarkable how it is easy enough in books to track commercial motives for the departure of British ships to any destination - such as NW America, the West Indies, to India or China, but not regarding the convict ships to Australia - as though it is a taboo subject that somehow risks slandering the prestige of Captain Cook!)

More will be detailed below on Lady Penrhyn's voyage to Tahiti, arriving there before Bounty arrived. By 26 October, 1788, Bligh on Bounty had entered Matavi Bay, Tahiti. By 27 October, 1788, (Howarth, p. 147), Lady Penrhyn had been about a week at Macao, China.

Relevant dates: By 8 August, Lady Penrhyn was by Penrhyn Island, named by Capt. Sever. By 15 September, by the Isle of Saypan. On 17 September she refreshed at Tinian. By 15 October she was by Grafton isle. By 19 October, she sailed up Macao Roads, readying to take her cargo of tea. About China, Lady met a ship named Talbot.
The meeting with Talbot is confirmed in Ruth Campbell, 'New South Wales and the Glocester Journal, 1787-1790', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol. 68, Part 3, December 1982., pp. 169-180.
Then Lady Penrhyn went home, presumably to the enrichment of Curtis and Macaulay, and possibly William Richards. And to be remembered mainly because she had carried only women to Botany Bay, not because she represented a mystery about the tenor of London's commercial instincts about the Pacific. On Tahiti, on 26 October, 1788, Bligh entered Matavi Bay on Bounty.
Some of Lt. Watts' writings can be found in Arthur Phillip, The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay, With an Account of the Establishment of the Colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, including the journals of Lts. Shortland, Watts, Ball and Capt. Marshall. Melbourne, Facsimile edition for Georgian House, 1950.

Note: At least two stories appear as to why Lady Penrhyn did not go to North-West America. One is that she had developed a bad bottom (worm-ridden), by the time she got to Tahiti. Or, that the crew was too weak from scurvy. The ship's surgeon, Bowes-Smythe, opted for the scurvy explanation (see Bowes-Smythe's Journal, pp. 98ff). Watts took command of the ship on 18 May 1788. She was near Tahiti on 16 June, and arrived there 10 July, staying at Tahiti only ten days, not long enough to improve the crew's health. A decision not to go to America had possibly been made by 3 July. Scurvy symptoms began to dissipate by 3 August. By 18 October she was at Macao, then to Whampoa by 21-23 October. By 14 January 1789 she was leaving Macao to make for Java, Pulare of Malaya, then St Helena, to the Isle of Wight.

Below are items still uncollected

1801:: John brig of 1801. owner, Chace, Sewell and Co. Captain Samuel Fuller. 1801 from US. 2 June 1801 - 25 July 1801. Misc, general, rum. Cumpston's Register

1801::

Ocean of 1801

1800

Enderbys

Abraham Bristow

1800

7 Apr 1801

23 July 1801

Whaler

Cumpston's Register.

Year 1805

1805:: Catherine (US). Owner, Fanning and Co. Captain Henry Fanning.

1804?

Sydney 1805, King George Sound

Sealer

New York, 1804?

From Wace and Lovett, p. 49.

1810: Ship Cyclops from Trincomalee Ceylon comesto Sydney, is bought by "Sydney Interests, sent to collect sandalwood at Fiji. See James Broadbent, Suzanne Rickard and Margaret Steven, India, China, Australia: Trade and Society, 1788-1850. Sydney, Historic Houses Trust of New South Wales, 2003., p. 47.

Item mislaid - -- James Sibbald. Sibbald. Unknown. From India. Opium.

Item mislaid -- -- Amelia (nd). Owners, Jn, Wm and Thos. Henry Buckle. Not given. Whaling. Buckles. Cited no date in AGE Jones, Ships Employed, p. 195.

Below are items still uncollected

1800: Reference item:: Jean Ingram Brockes, International Rivalry In The Pacific Islands, 1800-1875. Los Angeles. University of Calif Press. 1941. see in post-London jnl. readatune

1838: Reference item:: Sir William Molesworth, Report ... on Transportation together with a letter from the Archbishop of Dublin. London. 1838. Facs. Adelaide. 1967. title from Herbert Vickery Bookseller, PO Box 102, Broadway, NSW, 2007. Ph. (02) 560 0350. as at 9-12-1992. his cat no 23.

1786: Reference item: : J. M. Ward, British Policy In The South Pacific, 1786-1893, Australian Publishing Company. Sydney. 1948. Cited in DL Mackay.

1803: On Freemasonry, in Australia. Kent Henderson, The Masonic Grandmasters Of Australia. Melbourne. Ian Drakeford Publishing. 1988. p 10, First freemasonry in Aust, 1803, first meeting, first lodge is Military, in 1813, then 1820, and the NSW English Provincial Grand Lodge in 1839. New colonies re grand lodge of NSW in 1834, formed in London two years before then in SA by 1838, colony was founded. Vic's first lodge in 1834. In Tas the premier lodge established in 1834 though preceded in Tas by one in 1825. Freemasonry in WA in 1843. In Qld, in 1859.

1788:: re 1788 - Aust's first named piece of music is The Rogue's March, played Feb 9, 1788, when a soldier caught in the convict women's tent was drummed out [of the marines]. 1803, first cricket match played in Aust by officers of HM Calcutta, in Sydney on a boxing day. 1788, estimated Abor population is 750,000, about the population of London. see Aug 1786 here. 1788 - Anthony Barker, What Happened When: A Chronology of Australia from 1788. Allen and Unwin. reviewed Austn 13-6-1992.

1800: Reference item: - - J. C. H. Gill, Notes on the Sealing Industry of Early Australia, Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland, VIII, No. 2, 1967; and D. R. Hainsworth, Exploiting The Pacific Frontier: The New South Wales Sealing Industry, 1800-1821, Journal of Pacific History, II, 1967., pp. 59-75.

1791: Reference item:: Con Costello, Botany Bay - The Story Of The Convicts Transported From Ireland to Australia, 1791-1853. on the transportation of 45,000 Irish. Pub, 1987, 172pp.

May 1810: Maurice Charles O'Connel, soldier, married Mary Putland/Bligh, and on March 26, 1814, Sir Maurice Charles O'Connel, Lt-Gov of NSW, transferred with the 73rd Regt to Ceylon, his son, Sir Maurice Charles, born 1812, Jan at PJ, in June 1838 commissioned a Capt in 28th Regt, accompanying his father as military secretary. He later bred horses, and entered politics, 1845-48, he represented Port Phillip in the Legislative Council, in the first Ministry of QLD, President of QLD Turf Club etc, died in Brisbane in 1879.

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A global perspective

Shipping Timelines Two - 1783++ to 1810

Year 1783

Year 1784

Year 1785

Year 1786

Gathering the First Fleet ships:

Year 1787

Year 1788

Year 1789

Essay Section by Dan Byrnes

THE SECOND FLEET

Part 2 - Section 4

THE THIRD FLEET

Part 2 - Section 5

SHIPS AFTER THE THIRD FLEET

Part 3 - Section 1

At right: Macaulay's ship Pitt

Dark mutterings

Part 3 - Section 2

Convict ships listed by date of departure

Part 3 - Section 3

Year 1790

Year1790

Year 1791

London families

Part 3 - Section 4

Year 1790

Year 1791

Year 1792

Year 1793

Year 1794

FleetBoston: Traced to slave-trading merchant

Year 1795

Year 1796

Year 1797

Year 1798

Year 1799

Convict and other ships 1800-1810 to Australia

Year 1800

Convict and other ships 1800-1810 to Australia

Year 1800 (continued)

Year 1801

Year 1801

Year 1802

Year 1803

Year 1804

Year 1805

Year 1806

Year 1807

Year 1807

Year 1808

Year 1809

Convict and other ships 1810-1820 to Australia

Year 1810

Year 1805